Andrew S. Erickson

China’s State Council Information Office (SCIO) just posted a white paper titled “China’s National Security in the New Era.” The English notification and abstract are below; followed by a very rough English-language translation and the full text in the original Chinese.

Perhaps the most interesting section, Chapter VI elaborates on China’s National Security System (国家安全体系和能力) and its subsystems and mechanisms, as consistent with the 20th National People’s Congress (NPC), 3rd Plenum and other Party leadership guidance.

China’s National Security in the New Era (Beijing: State Council Information Office, 12 May 2025).

China releases white paper on national security

Xinhua | May 12, 2025
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China’s State Council Information Office on Monday released a white paper on the country’s national security in the new era.

The move aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the innovative concepts, practices, and achievements in China’s national security efforts, and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s national security.

The white paper, apart from its preface and conclusion, is structured into six sections, and outlines the following: China injecting certainty and stability into the world of change and disorder; the holistic approach to national security guiding national security efforts in the new era; providing solid support for the steady and continued progress of Chinese modernization; reinforcing security in development and pursuing development in security; implementing the Global Security Initiative and promoting the common security of the world; and advancing the modernization of the national security system and capacity through deepening reforms.

The white paper emphasized China’s pursuit of national rejuvenation strategy amid global changes of a scale unseen in a century, noting that the country has maintained overall stability and steady progress in national security. China works together with Asia-Pacific countries to uphold regional peace and development. These inject reliable stability into a volatile and unstable world.

According to the white paper, China’s holistic approach to national security is the first major strategic thinking established as the guiding principle for national security efforts since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and represents a major theoretical contribution from contemporary China to the global community.

In the new era, China’s national security upholds a national security path with Chinese characteristics. It is one that takes the people’s security as its ultimate goal, political security as the fundamental task, and national interests as the guiding principle. It is also one that serves and promotes high-quality development, supports further expansion of high-level opening up, and operates under the rule of law.

China’s national security firmly fulfills the major responsibilities entrusted by the Party and the people, upholds the Party’s position as the governing party and the socialist system, improves the people’s sense of fulfillment, happiness and security, ensures high-quality development, safeguards national territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests, ensures the safety and reliability of emerging fields, and fortifies the security shield essential to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it said.

China values coordinating development with security, striving to achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promoting mutual reinforcement and coordinated enhancement between opening up and security.

China’s national security adheres to reform and innovation as the driving force, and adopts a systematic and institutional approach, to improve the efficient and coordinated national security system, and forge practical national security capacity, said the white paper.

The Global Security Initiative highlights the security vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity, and brings a global outlook to the holistic approach to national security, it noted.

China ensures both its own security and common security, advocates strengthening global security governance, practices the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, upholds true multilateralism, and works to make global security governance system fairer and more equitable, the white paper said.

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China’s National Security in the New Era

Date: 2025-05-12 Source: Xinhua News Agency

The State Council Information Office released the white paper “China’s National Security in the New Era” on May 12. The full text is as follows:

FULL TEXT: ENGLISH VERSION (***CAUTION: VERY ROUGH***)

China’s National Security in the New Era

(May 2025)

Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China 

Table of contents

Table of contents

Preface

I. China injects certainty and stability into a turbulent world

1. The world stands at a historical crossroads amid new turbulent changes
2. Asia-Pacific faces severe challenges in maintaining overall stability
3. China remains stable and resilient in mitigating risks

II. The overall national security concept provides guidance for national security in the new era

1. Grasping the overall situation is the key
2. Implementing the purpose of people’s safety
3. Persist in putting political security first
4. Adhere to the principle of safeguarding national interests
5. Preventing and resolving national security risks
6. Promoting Common International Security
7. Strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over national security work

III. Providing solid support for the steady and long-term development of China’s modernization

1. Maintaining the Party’s ruling status and the socialist system
2. Improving people’s sense of gain, happiness and security
3. Ensuring high-quality development
4. Maintaining national territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests
5. Ensuring safety and reliability in emerging areas

IV. Strengthening security in development and pursuing development in security

1. Promoting a dynamic balance between development and security so that they can complement each other
2. Promoting mutual promotion and coordinated improvement of openness and security

V. Implementing global security initiatives and promoting international common security

1. Global security initiatives contribute Chinese wisdom
2. Promoting the implementation of the initiative and enhancing common security

VI. Advancing the Modernization of National Security System and Capabilities in the Process of Deepening Reform

1. Improve a coordinated and efficient national security system
2. Build practical and useful national security capabilities

Conclusion

Appendix: List of key laws in the field of national security in the new era 

Preface

The most important thing for a country is security.

For five thousand years, the Chinese nation has been fighting for peace and tranquility.

Since the Opium War, the Chinese people have risen up to fight in order to save the nation from peril.

Once founded, the Communist Party of China shouldered the historical mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It united and led the Chinese people, and after 28 years of bloody struggle, established the People’s Republic of China and achieved national independence and people’s liberation.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have relied on their own efforts and worked hard to successfully open up a national security path with Chinese characteristics. China has defeated the aggression, sabotage and armed provocations of imperialism and hegemonism, and defended national sovereignty and the people’s democratic regime; it has unswervingly promoted the complete reunification of the country, promoted the cross-strait relations from isolation to exchanges, and achieved the smooth return of Hong Kong and Macao; it has correctly handled the relationship between reform, development and stability, and created the “two miracles” of rapid economic development and long-term social stability; it has adhered to the path of peaceful development and created a good and safe environment for reform, opening up and modernization.

Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has creatively put forward the overall national security concept, established the Central National Security Commission, comprehensively deepened the reform of the national security system and mechanism, accelerated the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and comprehensively strengthened national security. China has not given up an inch on issues of principle, carried out a great struggle with many new historical characteristics, and withstood the test of risks and challenges from politics, economy, ideology, nature, etc. Historic achievements and historic changes have been made in national security work, providing a strong security guarantee for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embarking on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects.

China’s national security in the new era is a comprehensive, systematic and relative security. It is a security that takes people’s security as its purpose, political security as its foundation and national interests as its criterion. It is a security that serves and promotes high-quality development, is a security that is adjusted according to the dynamics of economic and social development, is a security that supports further expansion of high-level opening up, and is a security that operates in a standardized manner on the track of the rule of law. China coordinates its own security and common security, opposes the generalization of security, does not implement security coercion, does not accept threats and pressure, adheres to independence, self-reliance, and self-confidence, and puts the solution of security problems on the basis of its own strength, and adheres to the national security path with Chinese characteristics.

National security is an important foundation for the steady and long-term development of China’s modernization. The Chinese government has issued this white paper to comprehensively explain the innovative concepts, vivid practices and achievements of China’s national security work in the new era, share experiences and practices, and work with other countries to promote world peace and development and build a community with a shared future for mankind.

I. China injects certainty and stability into a turbulent world

At present, China has entered a critical period of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization. Faced with the complex situation of deepening adverse effects brought about by changes in the external environment and increasing internal risks and challenges, China has coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with the great changes in the world that have not been seen in a century. The national security situation has remained generally stable and has made steady progress. It has jointly maintained regional peace and development with Asia-Pacific countries, injecting reliable stability into the turbulent world.

1. The world stands at a historical crossroads amid new turbulent changes

In the 20th century, human society suffered the catastrophe of two world wars and was mired in the Cold War for nearly half a century. Prolonged panic and anxiety enveloped the globe. It was the common expectation of people at that time to prevent future generations from suffering from war again.

At present, the world, the times and history are changing in an unprecedented way. Multiple contradictions and risks are intertwined, and the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit and governance deficit are getting worse. Human society is facing the critical choice of peace or war, prosperity or decline, unity or confrontation, and is once again at the crossroads of history.

Geopolitical conflicts intensified. Hegemonism, power politics and Cold War mentality resurfaced. Hegemonic bullying and bullying behaviors such as bullying, plundering and zero-sum games are extremely harmful. Some major countries disregarded their international responsibilities, “broken contracts and withdrawn from groups,” undermining global stability. Local conflicts and turmoil occurred frequently. The international arms race continued to escalate. Populism and extreme political thoughts emerged. Policy adjustments in some countries produced serious negative spillover effects.

Economic globalization is facing headwinds. Unilateralism and protectionism are intensifying, the multilateral trading system is being hindered, and “building walls and barriers” and “decoupling and breaking chains” are undermining the security of the global industrial chain and supply chain. Some countries are imposing tariffs on other countries for non-economic reasons, disrupting the global economic order. The world economic growth momentum is insufficient, the international economic cycle is hindered, and the global development gap is widening.

Non-traditional security challenges are increasing. Extreme climate disasters are frequent, and ecological, food, and energy security are facing challenges. Terrorism, separatism, religious extremism, and major transnational epidemics pose serious threats to security. Security issues in space, deep sea, polar regions, and cyberspace continue to emerge.

The “double-edged sword” effect of the new round of scientific and technological revolution is becoming more prominent. The accelerated development of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and biotechnology, while enabling humans to understand and transform the world, also brings a series of unpredictable risks and challenges, which have a profound impact on the national security and social stability of various countries, and will even reshape the global security landscape.

At the same time, the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation and win-win is unstoppable. The general direction of human development and progress and the general logic of the tortuous progress of world history have not changed. The international balance of power has undergone profound adjustments. The “Global South” has grown in strength and played a more important role in promoting world peace and cooperating to meet global challenges. It has increasingly become the backbone of stability, goodness and progress. Peace and harmony, prosperity and development are still the common wishes and pursuits of the people of the world. All countries have boarded a ship with a shared destiny. No country can retreat to a self-enclosed island. The only way out for mankind is to work together and live in harmony.

2. Asia-Pacific faces severe challenges in maintaining overall stability

The Asia-Pacific region plays an important strategic role in the world and is an important engine of global economic prosperity. The Asia-Pacific region has maintained overall peace for nearly half a century without any large-scale armed conflicts. However, as the world’s economic and strategic focus continues to shift to the Asia-Pacific region, the security of the Asia-Pacific region faces many severe challenges.

The Asia-Pacific region is a stable sector in the global landscape. Promoting peace, stability and development are the strategic orientations and common demands of most countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Dealing with differences and disputes through dialogue and consultation is the main policy orientation of regional countries. Most countries adhere to true multilateralism and open regionalism, and the process of regional economic integration has enhanced political mutual trust among regional countries. The construction of regional security mechanisms has been continuously promoted, and regional and sub-regional security cooperation has been continuously deepened.

The Asia-Pacific region has become the focus of great power competition. Some countries have strengthened military alliances in the Asia-Pacific region, wooed regional partners, built exclusive “small groups,” and insisted on advancing military deployments including the intermediate-range missile system, seriously exacerbating regional tensions. Some Cold War legacy issues are in danger of heating up again, and the unresolved territorial and maritime rights disputes have become more difficult and complex to deal with after the intervention of extraterritorial forces.

Facing a world of turmoil and a turbulent Asia-Pacific, China has always stood on the right side of history and on the side of human progress, and has stabilized an uncertain world with China’s certainty. China has always been a firm force in defending national interests. No extreme pressure, threats or blackmail can shake the unity of more than 1.4 billion Chinese people. China has always been a just force in maintaining world peace and stability, and will continue to expand equal, open and cooperative global partnerships, actively practice the solution of hot issues with Chinese characteristics, and write a new chapter of unity and self-reliance with the “Global South,” making peaceful development a common choice for all countries in the world. China has always been a progressive force in maintaining international fairness and justice, adhering to true multilateralism, and promoting global governance of consultation, joint construction and sharing with the future of mankind and the well-being of the people in mind, abiding by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and building a broader consensus for building an equal and orderly world multipolarization. China has always been a constructive force in promoting global common development, expanding high-level opening up, sharing the broad opportunities of Chinese-style modernization with other countries, maintaining the multilateral trading system, creating an open, inclusive and non-discriminatory international cooperation environment, and promoting inclusive and inclusive economic globalization.

3. China remains stable and resilient in mitigating risks

Entering the new era, China’s comprehensive national strength, international influence and risk resistance capabilities have been significantly enhanced. The country has continued to maintain political stability, national unity, social stability and economic development, and is one of the safest countries in the world.

At the same time, as the world undergoes great development, changes and adjustments, China is facing both new development opportunities and risks as it further comprehensively deepens reform. It is facing both common global and regional security risks and special security challenges at a critical stage of national rejuvenation.

External security pressure is increasing. Western anti-China forces are doing everything they can to contain, suppress and contain China, implement Westernization and differentiation strategies against China, and carry out infiltration and sabotage activities. Foreign forces are stepping up their efforts to interfere in China’s neighboring affairs, posing a threat to the security of China’s borders, borders and surrounding areas. Some countries have grossly interfered in China’s internal affairs, causing trouble in the Taiwan Strait, the South China Sea and the East China Sea, and frequently causing trouble on issues related to Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong. Some external forces are deliberately playing the “Taiwan card,” and the “Taiwan independence” forces are stubbornly adhering to their separatist positions and taking risks and provocations. Overseas separatist forces such as “Tibetan independence” and “East Turkestan” are frequently active.

Risks in key areas are complex and diverse. Traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined. Some key core technologies are still controlled by others, the foundation for economic recovery is not yet solid, major natural disasters, production accidents, public health incidents, vicious crimes and other situations that affect social security and stability still occur from time to time, and the safety of overseas institutions, projects and personnel faces real risks.

In general, the connotation and extension of China’s national security in the new era are richer than at any time in history, the time and space scope is wider than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. China has placed national security in a more prominent position, resolutely withstood and fought back against external containment and suppression, integrated safe development into the entire process of national development, focused on improving the level of public security governance, effectively safeguarded national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and successfully continued to write a new chapter of the “two miracles” of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.

Looking to the future, China has an unprecedented ability to maintain and shape national security and is determined to do so. With the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the significant advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the solid foundation of sustained and rapid development, and the unity of more than 1.4 billion Chinese people, China’s historical process of comprehensively advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation is unstoppable, and it will surely make new and greater contributions to maintaining regional stability and prosperity and promoting world peace and development.

II. The overall national security concept provides guidance for national security in the new era

The Chinese nation has created a profound and splendid culture in the course of its development over 5,000 years, which contains rich national security strategic ideas, such as paying attention to the awareness of potential dangers, “being safe but not forgetting danger, being alive but not forgetting death, being well governed but not forgetting chaos”; highlighting the people-oriented thought, “people are the foundation of the country, and the country will be stable if the foundation is solid”; advocating trustworthiness and friendship, “being friendly to the benevolent and good neighbors is the treasure of the country”; striving to take both internal and external factors into consideration, “being harmonious in domestic affairs and being military and righteous in foreign affairs”, etc. These traditional Chinese national security concepts have been time-honored and have played a positive role in stabilizing the country and eliminating internal and external disasters.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese leaders have attached great importance to national security. Mao Zedong proposed the strategy of dividing the world into three parts, Deng Xiaoping made the important judgment that peace and development are the themes of the current era, Jiang Zemin proposed to establish a new security concept of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation, and Hu Jintao emphasized the adherence to the path of peaceful development. These national security strategic ideas have played an important role in maintaining national security and promoting world peace.

Entering the new era, on April 15, 2014, at the first plenary meeting of the Central National Security Commission, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the comprehensive national security concept. The comprehensive national security concept comprehensively absorbs the essence of China’s excellent traditional culture and systematically summarizes the theoretical achievements and practical experience of the Communist Party of China in maintaining national security. It is the first major strategic thought established as the guiding ideology of national security work since the founding of New China, an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and an important ideological and theoretical contribution of contemporary China to the world.

The overall national security concept is rooted in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to solve the common security problems faced by all countries in the world and to deal with the unique security problems of a major Eastern country. As a major socialist country, China must ensure that the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics do not change color; as a super-large country with a population of more than 1.4 billion, a vast territory and numerous ethnic groups, it must safeguard national unity and ethnic unity and resolutely oppose any form of separatist activities; as one of the countries with many neighboring countries, long land and sea borders, and complex surrounding security situations, it must consolidate its strategic support in the surrounding areas; as a major country at a critical stage of national rejuvenation, the more it advances, the more difficult and dangerous it is, and it must promote the benign interaction of high-quality development and high-level security; as a major country that adheres to the path of peaceful development, it must promote the coordination of its own security and common security.

The overall national security concept was created in the profound thinking of the development trend of the times and developed in the unremitting exploration of the national security path with Chinese characteristics. It contains the value concept, working ideas and mechanism path of China’s national security governance. The overall national security concept emphasizes that we should adhere to the purpose of people’s security, political security as the foundation, economic security as the basis, military science and technology, culture and social security as the guarantee, and promote international security as the support, coordinate development and security, coordinate external security and internal security, national security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, self-security and common security, coordinate the maintenance and shaping of national security, and safeguard the new development pattern with a new security pattern.

1. Grasping the overall situation is the key

The key to the overall national security concept lies in the “overall,” which is the soul of China’s national security in the new era. It highlights the concept of big security, covering politics, military, territory, economy, finance, culture, society, science and technology, network, food, ecology, resources, nuclear, overseas interests, space, deep sea, polar regions, biology, artificial intelligence, data and many other fields, and is constantly adjusted dynamically with the development of society. Big security is the maintenance of national survival and sustainable development under the new situation, but it is not a generalization of security, nor is it the pursuit of absolute security. Big security is to create conditions for the overall security of the country by ensuring the security of one place, one region and one industry, and to lay a solid foundation for the long-term stability of the country by promptly and effectively solving security problems one by one. We must adhere to systematic thinking, strengthen scientific coordination, comprehensively consider various security factors, handle major relationships such as development and security, external and internal, vitality and order, risks and opportunities, and safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, enhance the systematic, holistic and coordinated nature of national security work, and fight a good overall battle for national security.

2. Implementing the purpose of people’s safety

This is the fundamental position of China’s national security in the new era. The nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China and China’s state system and political system determine that the Party, the people and the country are a community. The country belongs to the people and the people belong to the country. China’s national security is for the people and relies on the people. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people share weal and woe and depend on each other for life and death. Any attempt to separate the Communist Party of China from the people and to set them against each other will never succeed. The Communist Party of China always puts the safety of people’s lives and health first, earnestly protects the safety of people’s property and other legitimate rights and interests, strives to solve the security issues that the people strongly reflect, and constantly improves the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security.

3. Persist in putting political security first

This is the lifeline of China’s national security in the new era. The core of political security is regime security and system security. The most fundamental thing is to maintain the leadership and ruling status of the Communist Party of China and maintain the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. If political security is not guaranteed, China will inevitably fall into a fragmented and scattered situation, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will be out of the question, and the fundamental and long-term interests of the people will not be guaranteed. It is necessary to enhance political sensitivity and political discernment, eliminate various political risks in a timely manner, and prevent non-political risks from spreading into political risks.

4. Adhere to the principle of safeguarding national interests

This is the basic requirement for China’s national security in the new era. Every country must safeguard its own national interests. At the same time, it should consider its own interests at a broader level. It should not be at the expense of the interests of other countries. Countries should respect each other’s core interests and major concerns. China’s maintenance of national security is mainly to safeguard national interests, especially core interests. China’s core interests mainly include: state power, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, people’s well-being, and sustainable economic and social development. China does not covet the rights and interests of other countries, nor does it envy the development of other countries, but it will never give up its legitimate rights and interests, and will never trade its core interests.

5. Preventing and resolving national security risks

This is the central task of China’s national security in the new era. The risks facing China are multifaceted. All kinds of risks must be prevented and controlled, but the focus is on preventing and controlling those global risks that may delay or interrupt the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must be highly vigilant against “black swan” events and guard against “gray rhinoceros” events; we must take the initiative to prevent risks and have high-level strategies to respond to and resolve risk challenges; we must fight a well-prepared battle to prevent and resist risks, and we must also fight a strategic proactive battle to turn danger into safety and turn crisis into opportunity. Carry forward the spirit of struggle, dare to fight and be good at fighting, seek unity, seek cooperation and promote win-win results in the struggle. Adhere to the bottom line thinking, focus on preventing all kinds of risks and challenges from being linked internally and externally, transmitted across domains, and accumulated and superimposed, and resolutely defend the bottom line of no systemic risks.

6. Promoting Common International Security

This is China’s responsibility as a major country in terms of national security in the new era. To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we need not only a stable and united domestic environment, but also a peaceful and stable international environment. China does not agree with the outdated logic that “a strong country must be hegemonic.” The Chinese nation does not have the genes to invade others and dominate. Countries should take into account the security of other countries while seeking their own security, and strive to find a mutually beneficial and win-win security path. China advocates a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept, puts forward and promotes the implementation of global development initiatives, global security initiatives and global civilization initiatives, actively participates in global security governance, strengthens international security cooperation, and works with countries around the world to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

7. Strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over national security work

This is the fundamental guarantee of China’s national security in the new era. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the basic national conditions determine that in order to cope with various risks and challenges on the road ahead, we must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The Party plays a leading role in taking overall charge and coordinating all parties. The Party’s leadership is comprehensive, systematic, and holistic, and runs through all aspects of national security work. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to establish the Central National Security Commission, with the aim of better adapting to the new situation and new tasks of national security, establishing a centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative national security system, and strengthening the leadership of national security work.

The comprehensive national security concept has led China’s national security work to continuously create new situations and established a cooperative and inclusive national security concept internationally. It will provide theoretical guidance for national security with Chinese characteristics in the new era and new journey, contribute Chinese wisdom to promoting and improving global security governance, and play an important role in maintaining world peace and stability.

III. Providing solid support for the steady and long-term development of China’s modernization

Entering the new era, China’s national security will resolutely fulfill the important responsibilities entrusted by the Party and the people, focus on achieving national strategic goals and implement the overall national security concept, prevent and resolve various risks in the process of China’s modernization, build a solid security barrier for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and provide strategic support for promoting world peace and development.

1. Maintaining the Party’s ruling status and the socialist system

The key to China’s national security lies in the Party. China places the maintenance of political security in the first place, and always plans and promotes security in other areas from the perspective of maintaining political security, improves the ability to prevent political risks, promptly blocks the transformation channels of risks in different fields, avoids cross-infection, and prevents non-political risks from spreading into political risks, so as to ensure the long-term rule of the Party and the long-term stability of the country.

Maintain the security of the regime, the system and ideology. Comprehensively deepen the reform of the party building system, deepen the comprehensive and strict governance of the party, and constantly transform the party’s political advantages, organizational advantages and institutional advantages into the governance advantages of the party and the country. Unswervingly adhere to and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, improve the people’s congress system, the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the ethnic regional autonomy system and the grassroots mass autonomy system. Adhere to the guiding role of Marxism in the field of ideology, build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leadership, firmly hold the ideological and public opinion position, and create a clean network environment. According to relevant polls in China and abroad, the trust of Chinese respondents in the government, satisfaction with the democratic situation, and recognition of clean government are all over 90%, which has always been among the best in the surveyed countries.

We must guard against infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and secessionist activities by hostile forces. We must resolutely prevent anti-China forces abroad from implementing a Westernization and differentiation strategy against China by promoting Western democracy, freedom, human rights, and so-called “universal values”; we must closely guard against and severely crack down on all kinds of infiltration and subversion activities such as “color revolutions” and “street politics” instigated by hostile forces against us. We must regularly carry out national security education for all people and build a strong people’s defense line. We must fully implement the Party’s strategies for governing Tibet and Xinjiang in the new era, crack down on secessionist and sabotage activities in accordance with the law, effectively curb infiltration, and significantly improve the public security situation.

Maintain long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao. Fully, accurately and unswervingly implement the “one country, two systems” policy, implement the central government’s overall jurisdiction, implement the principles of “patriots governing Hong Kong” and “patriots governing Macao”, implement the legal system and enforcement mechanism for the special administrative regions to safeguard national security, and adhere to the unity of the central government’s overall jurisdiction and the protection of the special administrative regions’ high degree of autonomy. Formulate and implement the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region National Security Law, improve the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’s electoral system, punish elements that endanger national security in accordance with the law, and promote Hong Kong’s transition from chaos to governance to governance and prosperity.

2. Improving people’s sense of gain, happiness and security

Peace and prosperity for the country and the people are the most basic and universal aspirations of the people. At present, the main contradictions in Chinese society have undergone profound changes, and the people’s security needs have become stronger and more diverse. Starting from meeting the people’s growing needs in democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security, and environment, China focuses on the most prominent issues and strives to maintain social stability, production safety, food and drug safety, and prevent major natural disasters, so as to ensure that the people live and work in peace and contentment and that society is stable and orderly.

Build a safe China. Continue to deepen the special crackdown on violent terrorism, maintain a high-pressure situation in accordance with the law against the “three forces” such as the “East Turkestan,” and achieve a fundamental improvement in the anti-terrorism situation. Crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities of various evil forces in accordance with the law, and normalize and deepen the elimination of gangs and evil. Social security continues to be stable and improve. Severely punish the prominent illegal and criminal activities such as pornography, gambling, drugs, food, medicine and environment, theft, robbery and fraud, and targeting women, children and left-behind elderly people that the masses strongly reflect. Severely crack down on new crimes such as telecommunications network fraud, cross-border gambling, and infringement of citizens’ personal information, as well as transnational, cross-border and cross-regional crimes in accordance with the law, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights and personality rights. Establish and improve the responsibility system for maintaining social stability, and maintain social stability. Adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, strengthen the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers, and promote the legalization of conflict resolution. Maintain social fairness and justice, and cultivate a social mentality of self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, peace and positivity. China is one of the countries in the world with the lowest homicide rate, the lowest criminal crime rate, and the fewest gun and explosive cases. According to data from China’s Ministry of Public Security, the number of homicides per 100,000 people in China was 0.46 in 2023 and 0.44 in 2024.

Improve the level of emergency management capabilities. Establish an efficient and scientific natural disaster prevention and control system, strengthen regional emergency force construction, strengthen grassroots emergency foundations, and improve disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities. In 2024, the number of people affected by natural disasters and the number of collapsed houses in the country will decrease by 20.4% and 50% respectively compared with the average of the previous five years. Improve and implement the production safety responsibility system, strengthen safety supervision in key industries and key areas, and improve the production safety risk investigation and rectification and responsibility tracing mechanism. In 2024, there were 21,800 production safety accidents of all kinds in the country, 389 major accidents, down 11% and 10.8% year-on-year respectively, and 9 major and serious accidents, which fell to single digits for the first time.

Protect the lives and health of the people. Improve the public health system, strengthen primary medical and health services, and do a good job in the prevention and control of major new and emerging infectious diseases. Strictly carry out supervision and inspection of food production and operation, continue to deepen the consolidation and improvement of drug safety, and strengthen food and drug safety supervision. Improve the population service system covering the whole population and the whole life cycle, improve the policy system and incentive mechanism for supporting fertility, and promote the construction of a fertility-friendly society. In 2024, the average life expectancy of Chinese people will reach 79 years.

Protect ecological security. China insists on precise, scientific and legal pollution control, focusing on solving prominent problems such as air, water and soil that the people have strongly complained about, continuing to fight the battle to protect blue skies, clear waters and clean land, and solidly carrying out rural human settlement environment improvement actions. In 2024, the national average concentration of PM2.5 will be 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter, a decrease of 36% compared with 2015, the number of days with heavy pollution will decrease by 68%, and the proportion of good days will reach more than 86% for five consecutive years. The people’s satisfaction with the ecological environment exceeds 91%. Improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem, promote the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts, and the national forest coverage rate will exceed 25% in 2024. About 1/4 of the world’s new green area since the beginning of this century comes from China.

3. Ensuring high-quality development

China’s development history shows that there are problems with not developing, and there are problems with developing. The problems after development are no less than those before development. In response to the prominent contradictions and problems in development, China has firmly established the concept of safe development, accelerated the improvement of the system and mechanism for safe development, made up for related shortcomings, maintained the security of science and technology, finance, food, energy resources, industrial chain supply chain, overseas interests and other fields, timely resolved contradictions and risks in promoting development, and established national development on a safer and more reliable foundation.

Promote sustained and healthy economic development. Adhere to the priority of ensuring the security of the basic economic system. Improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, deepen supply-side structural reforms, focus on building a unified national market, expand domestic demand in all directions, and achieve dynamic balance of the economy at a higher level. Continue to improve the resilience and security level of the industrial chain and supply chain, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, and build an independent, controllable, safe and reliable domestic production and supply system.

We must firmly maintain the bottom line of preventing systemic financial risks. We must actively play the dual functions of monetary policy tools in terms of both volume and structure, manage the overall monetary gate, and maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level. We must standardize the order of the capital market and maintain capital market stability. We must strive to stabilize the property market and focus on building a new model for real estate development. We must prudently handle local government debt risks and accurately resolve risks in local small and medium-sized financial institutions.

We will shoulder the heavy responsibility of ensuring food security. We will implement the national food security strategy, firmly maintain the 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land red line, accelerate the research of core seed technology, and continuously improve the food production, purchase, storage, processing and sales system. Food production will remain stable at more than 650 million tons for 10 consecutive years, and will exceed 700 million tons in 2024.

Ensure the security of energy and important resources. Establish a diversified supply system, curb unreasonable energy consumption, maintain the overall balance of energy supply and demand, promote energy system reform and technological innovation, strengthen international cooperation in all aspects, and achieve energy security under open conditions. Implement a new round of strategic actions for mineral exploration breakthroughs, enrich strategic mineral reserves, strengthen the recycling and utilization of renewable resources, and ensure sufficient, stable and sustainable supply of important resources.

Accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system, make all-out efforts in key core technologies such as basic raw materials, high-end chips, industrial software, and crop seeds, make forward-looking deployments in the fields of artificial intelligence and quantum information, accelerate the overcoming of “stuck neck” technologies in important fields and realize industrialization. The “Zu Chongzhi” series of superconducting quantum computing prototypes, the “Chang’e 6” probe, and the “Dream” ocean drilling ship have made breakthroughs. Accelerate the layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen basic scientific research, promote the construction of the national laboratory system, coordinate the construction of international and regional science and technology innovation centers, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, and improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. China’s ranking in the Global Innovation Index has jumped from 34th in 2012 to 11th in 2024, entering the ranks of innovative countries. Build a science and technology security risk monitoring, early warning and response system, improve the regulatory system in the field of emerging technologies, shape the cultural concept of science and technology for good, and integrate science and technology ethics requirements throughout the entire process of science and technology activities.

Strengthen the protection of overseas interests. China safeguards its overseas interests through foreign-related rule of law, diplomatic and consular protection, evacuation escort operations, and international cooperation. Adhere to prevention first, strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, establish a global consular protection and service emergency call center, open the “12308” 24-hour emergency hotline, and give full play to the role of “going out” public service platforms to safeguard the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens, organizations and institutions overseas. In 2024, China has safely evacuated more than 10,000 compatriots from high-risk areas abroad and handled more than 50,000 cases of consular protection assistance.

4. Maintaining national territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests

China has not yet achieved complete reunification, and the task of safeguarding territorial sovereignty, maritime rights and interests, and national unity is arduous and onerous. China will never allow any person, any organization, any political party, at any time, in any form, to separate any piece of Chinese territory from China. China insists on coordinating land and sea development and upholding the unity of national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

We will unswervingly promote the complete reunification of the country. We will adhere to the one-China principle and the “1992 Consensus,” implement the overall strategy of the Communist Party of China in the new era to solve the Taiwan issue and its major policies toward Taiwan, promote the peaceful and integrated development of cross-strait relations, tighten the emotional ties and interest links between the two sides of the strait, and lay a solid foundation for the peaceful reunification of the country. We will unite the vast number of Taiwan compatriots, firmly support the patriotic unification forces on the island, strengthen cross-strait dialogue, communication and democratic consultation, discuss the great cause of reunification, and jointly seek the great cause of reunification. We will firmly oppose the “undetermined status of Taiwan.” The legal effect of UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 is unquestionable. Taiwan is a province of China and has no basis, reason or right to participate in the United Nations and other international organizations that only sovereign states can participate in. We will firmly oppose “Taiwan independence” secession and external interference, crack down on “Taiwan independence” diehards in accordance with the law, and effectively deter “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces. China has always strived for peaceful reunification with the utmost sincerity and made its utmost efforts, but it will never promise to give up the use of force and reserve the option of taking all necessary measures.

Maintain border security and maritime rights and interests. China has negotiated with 12 of its 14 land neighbors to resolve land border issues, and border negotiations with India and Bhutan continue to advance. China has completed the demarcation of the Beibu Gulf waters between China and Vietnam, signed border defense cooperation agreements with 9 neighboring countries, established border defense talks and meetings mechanisms with 12 countries, and regularly carried out friendly visits, working talks, joint patrols, and joint cross-border crime drills. China has regularly patrolled and enforced the law in the waters of the Diaoyu Islands. China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their surrounding waters. It has carried out construction and facility maintenance on some of the garrisoned islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, improved the working and living conditions of the islanders, and provided international public security products such as navigation, rescue, weather and marine environment forecasts.

5. Ensuring safety and reliability in emerging areas

The development of emerging fields stems from the innovation and application of science and technology, and is a new frontier for national security. The imbalance between technological innovation and development in emerging fields and security governance has brought many new issues in terms of security, social governance, and moral ethics, and is a major long-term challenge facing all countries. China attaches great importance to the development of emerging technologies and risk prevention, pays attention to forward-looking prevention and restraint guidance, establishes and improves relevant laws and regulations, and gradually realizes agile governance, classified and graded management, and rapid and effective response.

Build a strong security barrier for the network, data, and artificial intelligence. Continue to strengthen the construction of network security coordination mechanisms, means, and platforms to ensure the security and reliability of key information infrastructure. Issue and implement the Data Security Law, and establish six data security management system mechanisms, including data classification and classification protection, monitoring and early warning, emergency response, security review, export control, and peer countermeasures. In accordance with the principle of giving equal importance to development and security, and promoting innovation and combining it with legal governance, build an artificial intelligence security supervision and evaluation system, and improve the security protection system that matches people, technology, materials, and management.

Improve biosafety governance capabilities. Strengthen the construction of biosafety risk prevention and control and governance systems, establish and improve emergency response plans for emergencies, improve the research and development capabilities of new biotechnologies and new drugs and vaccines, improve the level of biological resource safety supervision, and strengthen the systematic governance and full-chain prevention and control of biosafety risks.

Enhance our own nuclear safety capabilities. We will take nuclear safety as an important national responsibility, implement full-chain supervision of nuclear facilities, nuclear materials, nuclear activities and radioactive substances, continue to promote the modernization of the nuclear safety supervision system and supervision capabilities, and maintain a good nuclear safety record for a long time.

IV. Strengthening security in development and pursuing development in security

In today’s era, development interests and security interests are intricately intertwined. Development problems may turn into security risks, and unguaranteed security will seriously restrict development. How to properly handle the relationship between development and security is a common problem faced by all countries in the world.

China attaches great importance to the overall planning of development and security, establishes the concept that development is a hard truth and security is also a hard truth, and strives to achieve a benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. Practice has proved that development is the foundation and security is the premise. Development and security are the two wings of one body and the two wheels of one drive. We must not only adhere to enhancing national security strength through development and promoting high-level security with high-quality development; we must also continuously improve security guarantee capabilities, clarify security boundaries, guard the bottom line of security, and ensure high-quality development with high-level security. China has always adhered to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, emphasizing that the more open we are, the more we must pay attention to security, and strive to promote the unity of improving the level of opening up to the outside world and enhancing open supervision capabilities and risk prevention and control capabilities.

Entering the new era, China has clearly identified the coordinated development of development and security as one of the major principles of governance, and incorporated it into the overall consideration of economic and social development. It has consistently focused on high-quality development, which is the “first priority,” and on ensuring national security, which is the “top priority,” unifying development and security, and jointly planning, deploying, and promoting each other.

1. Promoting a dynamic balance between development and security so that they can complement each other

——High-quality development is the top priority, and lack of development is the greatest insecurity. Take high-quality development as the hard truth of the new era, and seek security on the basis of continuously expanding material technology. Practice has shown that stagnant development and reform and opening up will not only make it difficult to achieve security, but will also weaken the foundation of security. China insists on correctly handling the relationship between reform, development and stability, unifying the intensity of reform, the speed of development and the degree of social tolerance, and promoting social stability through reform and development.

——High-level security is the premise of development. Without high-level security, there will be no high-quality development. China has always grasped the historical mission of national security from the overall pattern of national development, and has created a good environment conducive to economic and social development and safeguarded the achievements of economic and social development by clarifying the bottom line and preventing risks.

Create a good external security environment. The current world situation is turbulent, geopolitical challenges are fierce, and there are more reefs and undercurrents, which puts forward higher requirements for maintaining national security. China adheres to the path of peaceful development, seeks its own development while firmly maintaining world peace and development, and better maintains world peace and development with its own development. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it has never taken the initiative to provoke any war or conflict. China solemnly promises to the world that it will never seek hegemony, expansion, or sphere of influence. It is the only major country that has written peaceful development into the Constitution and the Constitution of the ruling party and has elevated it to the national will. In the face of unreasonable suppression by some countries, China will never give in on issues of principle, maintain dialogue on controversial issues, expand cooperation in mutually beneficial and win-win areas, and strive to maintain overall stability in bilateral relations. China is committed to building the “Belt and Road” into a road of peace and will not repeat the old routine of geopolitical games. On the issue of peace and security, China is a major country with the best record in the world. Chinese-style modernization is modernization that follows the path of peaceful development. It is pure nonsense to hype up China’s “strong country must be hegemonic” and exaggerate the “China threat theory.”

Resolutely safeguard the overall social stability. China’s social structure is undergoing profound changes. The Internet has profoundly changed the way of social interaction. Social concepts, social psychology, and social behavior have undergone profound changes, which have brought great challenges to social stability. China is committed to building a modern society that is both full of vitality and well-ordered. Pay more attention to deepening institutional and mechanism reforms, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, and realize the benign interaction between government governance, social regulation, and residents’ autonomy. Pay more attention to strengthening grassroots social governance, resolve conflicts and disputes at the grassroots level, and create harmony and stability at the grassroots level. Pay more attention to maintaining social fairness and justice, and protect citizens’ personal rights, property rights, personality rights, and basic political rights from infringement. Pay more attention to maintaining social stability in accordance with the law, adhere to the integrated construction of a country ruled by law, a government ruled by law, and a society ruled by law, implement the responsibility system for maintaining social stability, and actively prevent and resolve social conflicts from the perspective of institutional mechanisms; protect the safety and legitimate rights and interests of foreigners in China in accordance with the law. China has carried out anti-terrorism and combating vicious crimes in accordance with the law, meeting the people’s ardent expectations for social security and stability, and truly respecting and protecting human rights.

Resolve various risks and challenges in high-quality development. At present, China is in a critical period of transforming its development model, optimizing its economic structure, and transforming its growth momentum. Structural, institutional, and cyclical problems are intertwined, and high-quality development faces many uncertainties and risks and challenges. China insists on steadily resolving risks in development and accelerating high-quality development in resolving risks. Grasp the initiative in food security, ensure the security of energy and important resources, ensure the security of the industrial chain and supply chain, and effectively resolve risks in key areas. Accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development and actively and steadily resolve risks in the real estate sector. Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, improve the government debt management system, implement the most stringent debt support policy in recent years, and promote the restructuring, extension, replacement of local government debt and the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Issue special treasury bonds to support large state-owned commercial banks to supplement core tier-one capital. Coordinate the promotion of risk prevention, strong supervision, and high-quality development of local small and medium-sized financial institutions, strictly enforce entry standards and supervision, promote mergers and reorganizations, and achieve reduction in quantity and improvement in quality.

Promote the safe development of new technologies, new business forms and new models. Scientific and technological innovation can give birth to new industries, new models and new momentum. It is the core element of developing new quality productivity and a strong driving force and support for high-quality development. However, many technologies are “double-edged swords.” New technologies, new business forms and new models have become the frontier and key areas for coordinating development and security. China insists on the unity of promoting innovation and preventing risks, combining institutional norms with self-discipline, and actively and prudently promotes the development, application and governance of new technologies. China pays attention to improving the legal system of science and technology security, and accelerates the relevant legislative work around the fields of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and autonomous driving. Focus on optimizing the regulatory services for emerging technologies, promote the establishment of a safety regulatory system for new technologies and new business forms, and maintain a balance between industrial development and social stability. Focus on enhancing the inclusiveness of emerging technologies, handle the relationship between fairness and efficiency, capital and labor, technology and employment, improve the interest coordination mechanism, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all parties, and allow more people to share the fruits of scientific and technological innovation.

China has grown through hardships and has grown stronger through overcoming difficulties. China’s economy has a stable foundation, many advantages, strong resilience and great potential. The long-term supporting conditions and basic trends have not changed. The development prospects are bright. China is capable of better coordinating development and security, resolutely preventing and defusing risks in key areas, effectively responding to external shocks, stabilizing expectations, stimulating vitality, promoting a sustained economic recovery and maintaining social harmony and stability.

2. Promoting mutual promotion and coordinated improvement of openness and security

——Continue to grow and develop in the overall coordination of opening up and security. We should properly handle the relationship between self-reliance and opening up and cooperation, and the relationship between actively participating in the international division of labor and ensuring national security, and continuously enhance our ability to dynamically safeguard national security in an open environment. Since the reform and opening up, China has continuously woven a dense open safety net, successfully responded to major risks such as the Asian financial crisis and the international financial crisis, and achieved rapid development in the process of opening up. China has gradually become the world’s second largest economy, the world’s largest country in goods trade, and a major trading partner of more than 150 countries and regions. Its contribution to global economic growth has remained at around 30% for many years.

——China’s door of opening up will only open wider and wider. Economic globalization is an objective requirement for the development of social productivity and an inevitable result of scientific and technological progress. It provides a strong driving force for world economic growth and is an irreversible historical trend. In recent years, trade protectionism has risen, and some countries have attempted to promote the return of manufacturing, which runs counter to the laws of economic development and the general trend of economic globalization. China has always stood on the right side of history, opposed anti-globalization, pan-securitization, opposed unilateralism and protectionism, built an open world economy, and promoted inclusive economic globalization.

We will unswervingly promote high-level opening-up. China will implement more active independent and unilateral opening-up, and steadily expand institutional opening-up. From December 1, 2024, a preferential tariff of zero will be applied to 100% of tariff items originating from the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China. Unilateral entry visa exemption policy is implemented for people from 38 countries, and 240-hour transit visa exemption policy is implemented for people from 54 countries. China will actively connect with and actively absorb high-standard international economic and trade rules, orderly expand the opening-up of markets such as goods, services, capital, and labor, and expand the global network of high-standard free trade zones. China is building a free trade pilot zone and Hainan Free Trade Port, orderly carrying out pressure tests for opening up, and exploring effective paths for institutional opening-up. China’s proposal to build a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other is by no means a move towards a closed domestic single cycle, but an open and mutually reinforcing domestic and international dual cycle.

——Improving security while expanding opening up. China attaches importance to using internationally accepted rules to maintain openness and security, draws on international experience and practices, accelerates the construction of a modern risk prevention and control system and mechanism, improves the institutional system for defending against external risks under open conditions, and promotes the coordinated advancement of openness and security.

Resolutely safeguard the right to open development. Safeguarding the right to development is one of the red lines of China’s national security. China will resolutely and forcefully fight back against any attempt to undermine China’s right to development. China firmly opposes the abuse of export controls, unilateral sanctions and “long-arm jurisdiction.” Some countries have launched tariff wars, trade wars, technology wars and public opinion wars against China in the name of security, which seriously threatens China’s security and development. Recently, the United States has announced the abuse of tariffs on all trading partners including China under various pretexts, which has seriously infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of all countries, seriously violated the rules of the World Trade Organization, seriously damaged the rules-based multilateral trading system, and seriously impacted the stability of the global economic order. The Chinese government strongly condemns and firmly opposes this. China has taken necessary and reasonable countermeasures, which are completely legitimate defense in accordance with international law and international practices. China is determined to safeguard the right to open development and will continue to improve the anti-sanction, anti-interference and anti-“long-arm jurisdiction” mechanisms, enrich the counter-policy toolbox, and firmly defend the country’s right to development.

Efforts should be made to promote the orderly flow of production factors. Economic globalization depends on the safe and orderly flow of production factors around the world. Following international practices, China has improved its export control system, comprehensively strengthened intellectual property protection, established a legal, safe and orderly entry and exit management order, optimized policies and measures to facilitate foreigners to come to China, promoted the orderly cross-border flow of capital, talents and technology in accordance with the law, and promoted the efficient allocation of global production factors. Data has become a new important production factor in the world. Drawing on existing international practices, China aims to promote the coordination and consistency of global data security protection standards, formulate and implement laws and regulations such as the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law, and enhance the network security protection capabilities and data security supervision capabilities. China itself has been a victim of international cyberattacks and has consistently opposed and fought against any form of cyberattack. There is neither evidence nor reason to claim that China has carried out so-called cyberattacks. China insists on the unity of promoting development and managing in accordance with the law. On the premise of ensuring national data security, it encourages the reasonable and effective use of data in accordance with the law and ensures the free and orderly flow of data in accordance with the law. China’s data security review targets activities that affect or may affect national security and does not affect the normal cross-border flow of corporate and personal data.

Firmly defend our legitimate security interests in accordance with the law. China attaches importance to using the rule of law thinking and rule of law methods to safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests in an open environment. Strengthen the construction of foreign-related rule of law, promptly introduce laws and regulations such as the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Foreign Relations Law, and the Export Control Law, continuously strengthen international law enforcement and judicial cooperation, steadily improve the level of foreign-related legal services, and protect the safety of overseas personnel, institutions and assets in accordance with the law. Issue the Foreign Investment Law, establish a foreign investment security review system, and conduct security reviews on foreign investments that affect or may affect national security. Revise and improve the Anti-Espionage Law, use legal means to prevent espionage activities, and clearly define the boundaries between illegal and legal activities. These measures are only aimed at acts that endanger China’s legitimate national interests, aiming to provide security guarantees for a higher level of opening up, and will not affect normal commercial exchanges, scientific research cooperation, academic exchanges, and people-to-people exchanges.

Openness is a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization. Over the past 40 years, China’s economic development and social stability have been achieved under the conditions of openness. In the future, China must also achieve high-quality development and high-level security under the conditions of openness. No matter how the international situation changes, China will expand independent and proactive opening-up on the basis of ensuring security, and open the door to the outside world wider and wider.

V. Implementing global security initiatives and promoting international common security

Humanity is a whole, the Earth is a home, and global challenges require global responses. Old thinking such as spheres of influence, hegemonic stability, and alliance systems cannot cope with new security challenges. Achieving international common security requires new concepts and new approaches.

1. Global security initiatives contribute Chinese wisdom

China’s global security initiative responds to the urgent need of the international community to maintain world peace and prevent conflicts and wars, echoes the universal desire of the vast majority of countries to seek win-win cooperation and oppose hegemony, bullying and bullying, conforms to the common pursuit of people of all countries to build a world of lasting peace and universal security, and provides a new solution for eliminating the root causes of international conflicts, responding to global security challenges and improving global security governance. By the end of 2024, it has been supported and appreciated by 119 countries and international organizations and written into 123 bilateral and multilateral political documents.

The Global Security Initiative is not only the “security chapter” of the community with a shared future for mankind, but also the “world chapter” of the overall national security concept; it is not only China’s answer to global security governance, but also a dialectical understanding of its own security and international common security. It is rooted in China’s independent and peaceful foreign policy and practice, and comes from the Chinese culture and wisdom of trustworthiness, friendship, harmony and coexistence.

The core concepts and principles of the Global Security Initiative are to uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept; to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; to abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; to attach importance to the legitimate security concerns of all countries; to resolve differences and disputes between countries in a peaceful manner through dialogue and consultation; and to coordinate the maintenance of security in traditional and non-traditional fields. Common means respecting and safeguarding the security of every country; comprehensive means coordinating the maintenance of security in traditional and non-traditional fields and promoting security governance in a coordinated manner; cooperative means promoting the security of all countries and the region through dialogue and cooperation; sustainable means giving equal weight to development and security to achieve lasting security.

In the face of global challenges such as climate change and cyber security, no country can be immune, and no country should be isolated. China advocates common security, and the security interests of all countries are equal. The legitimate and reasonable security concerns of any country should be taken seriously and properly addressed. No country can put its own security above the security of other countries, let alone at the expense of the security of other countries. Building a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture is an effective way to achieve common security.

Pursuing the supremacy of strength and absolute security will only lead to a security dilemma. Drawing lines based on ideology and creating camps and exclusive “small circles” targeting specific countries will only create divisions and confrontations. Sanctions and interference will only make things more chaotic. There are no winners in conflicts and wars. Putting one’s own country first and the winner takes all will only lead to a total loss. China advocates cooperative security, adheres to dialogue, cooperation, and win-win situations, and resolves differences and disputes in a peaceful manner.

China advocates strengthening global security governance, practicing the global governance concept of consultation, joint construction and sharing, upholding true multilateralism, advocating strict enforcement of international rule of law, and promoting changes in the global security governance system in a more just and reasonable direction, reflecting the wishes and interests of the majority of countries in a more balanced manner, and better meeting the actual needs of responding to global challenges.

2. Promoting the implementation of the initiative and enhancing common security

——Support the United Nations to become the core platform for all countries to jointly maintain universal security

All countries in the world should uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China has always regarded defending the authority of the United Nations and maintaining the post-World War II international order as its own responsibility. China actively supports the United Nations in conducting mediation in accordance with its mandate, supports the Security Council in playing a primary role in peace and security issues, strives to maintain the authority and unity of the Security Council, and constructively participates in discussions on international security affairs. The reform of the Security Council should adhere to democratic consultation, increase the representation and voice of developing countries, especially African countries, and effectively correct historical injustices.

We firmly support the United Nations in improving its peacekeeping operations’ ability to fulfill their mandates. China is the second largest contributor to the United Nations budget and peacekeeping operations, and the largest contributor of troops and police to peacekeeping operations among the permanent members of the Security Council. We support the United Nations in playing a central coordinating role in the international fight against terrorism, in playing a leading role in global digital governance and rule-making, in playing a leading and coordinating role in global health affairs, and in promoting the development of global education, science and technology, and culture, and in promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, as well as inclusive cooperation.

——Promoting the building of a world of universal security

The comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between China and Russia in the new era has been continuously deepened, setting an example for friendly exchanges between major neighboring countries. China-Russia relations have strong endogenous driving force and unique strategic value. They are based on non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting third parties, and are not affected by any third party, nor are they interfered with or coerced by external factors.

China has always handled Sino-U.S. relations in accordance with the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, and is committed to the stable, healthy and sustainable development of Sino-U.S. relations and the continuation of the traditional friendship between the Chinese and American people. In the exchanges between the two major countries of China and the United States, neither side can suppress the other from the so-called “position of strength” or deprive the other side of its legitimate right to development in order to maintain its leading position. The four red lines of the Taiwan issue, democracy and human rights, the road system and the right to development cannot be challenged. The one-China principle and the three Sino-U.S. joint communiqués are the political foundation of bilateral relations and must be adhered to. The “Thucydides Trap” is not a historical destiny, and the “new Cold War” cannot be fought and cannot be won. Containment of China is unwise, undesirable, and will not succeed. China is willing to work with the United States to explore the correct way for the two major countries to get along on this planet, for the benefit of both countries and the world.

China has always regarded Europe as a partner, believes that Europe is an important pole in a multipolar world, and supports Europe in strengthening its strategic autonomy. China is committed to developing a comprehensive strategic partnership with Europe and is willing to work with Europe to safeguard free trade, defend multilateralism, and work together to actively respond to global challenges such as climate change.

Adhere to developing good-neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries. As of March 2025, China has reached a consensus on building a community with a shared future with 17 neighboring countries including Pakistan and Indonesia. China supports and improves regional security cooperation centered on ASEAN, opposes the division of the region under the “Indo-Pacific Strategy,” opposes the patchwork of an “Asia-Pacific version of NATO,” opposes NATO’s cross-border expansion of power, and opposes some countries’ nuclear sharing, extended deterrence and deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific region. China is committed to jointly maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea with ASEAN countries, actively promoting the consultation process on the “Code of Conduct in the South China Sea,” insisting on resolving disputes through dialogue and consultation, insisting on achieving win-win results through mutually beneficial cooperation, and building the South China Sea into a sea of ​​peace, friendship and cooperation. China advocates that countries outside the region respect the efforts of regional countries and opposes individual countries stirring up disputes for their own selfish interests.

As a developing country and a member of the “Global South,” China is committed to jointly promoting the cause of the “Global South,” supporting the countries of the “Global South” in strengthening global security governance, exploring solutions to hot issues that address both the symptoms and root causes, and jointly becoming a stabilizing force for maintaining peace, a backbone force for open development, a constructive force for global governance, and a force for promoting mutual learning among civilizations.

Always be a peace builder in the Middle East. Support the Middle Eastern countries to unite and cooperate to solve regional security issues, put forward a five-point initiative to achieve security and stability in the Middle East, put forward four suggestions for building a new security architecture in the Middle East, promote reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, and strive to promote a comprehensive, just and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue as soon as possible.

Support African countries in enhancing their ability to maintain peace independently, support Latin American and Caribbean countries in opposing external interference and maintaining their own peace and stability, and assist Pacific island countries in coping with global challenges such as marine disasters and rising sea levels.

——Constructively participate in the political settlement of international and regional hot issues

On the Ukrainian issue, China has adhered to objectivity and fairness, actively promoted peace talks, put forward the “four shoulds,” “four commons,” and “three points of thinking,” issued the “China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis,” jointly issued the “Six-Point Consensus” with Brazil, and launched the “Friends of Peace” group with the “Global South” countries, firmly safeguarding the consensus that “nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought,” and actively promoted the implementation of the “Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Race,” playing an important role in preventing the Ukrainian crisis from escalating into a nuclear conflict. China supports all efforts dedicated to peace, and believes that all parties and stakeholders should participate in the peace talks process in a timely manner.

We have called for a ceasefire in the new round of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, worked to protect civilians, contributed to humanitarian aid, pushed the Security Council to adopt the first Gaza ceasefire resolution, facilitated reconciliation dialogue among Palestinian factions and the signing of the “Beijing Declaration on Ending the Division and Strengthening Palestinian National Unity,” provided multiple batches of humanitarian assistance to Gaza, and are committed to pushing the Palestinian issue back on the right track of the “two-state solution.”

We will continue to work towards a political solution to the Korean Peninsula issue, promote the establishment of a peace mechanism and the denuclearization process on the peninsula, and address the reasonable concerns of all parties in a balanced manner. We will actively mediate peace in northern Myanmar and support Myanmar’s political reconciliation and transition process. We will support Afghanistan’s peaceful reconstruction, actively carry out international coordination, and provide humanitarian assistance.

——Actively participate in global security governance

China is the only country among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council that has pledged not to be the first to use nuclear weapons, and has pledged unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones, and has always maintained its nuclear forces at the minimum level required for national security. China has actively participated in the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation process, and has promoted the resumption of negotiations on the implementation of the Iran nuclear deal.

We have always participated in the global climate negotiation agenda and international rule-making with an active attitude, and have been unremittingly providing financial and technical support to the best of our ability to developing countries to improve environmental governance.

China supports resolutely combating all forms of terrorism and actively advocates regional anti-terrorism cooperation. China firmly supports combating transnational crime, initiates the Greater Mekong Subregion Anti-Drug Cooperation Mechanism, conducts anti-drug law enforcement cooperation with Australia, Cambodia, Vietnam and other countries, and carries out special joint operations by the police of China, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos to combat gambling fraud groups. China is the first country in the world to formally list fentanyl-related substances as a whole category.

China has fulfilled its responsibilities for global public health security. By the end of 2024, China has sent more than 30,000 medical teams to 77 countries and regions, benefiting 300 million patients. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, China has shared its anti-epidemic experience without reservation and made every effort to help the international community fight the epidemic.

Actively promote the improvement of the global food and energy security governance system, put forward international food security cooperation initiatives under the G20 framework, and promote the adoption of the “BRICS Food Security Cooperation Strategy” and the “Statement of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Maintaining International Energy Security.”

——Promoting security cooperation in emerging areas

Advocate building a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace, and actively expand cyber security cooperation with BRICS countries, the SCO, the five Central Asian countries and African countries.

We advocate the achievement of global digital governance rules that reflect the wishes of all parties and respect the interests of all parties, actively participate in the United Nations Global Digital Compact, and put forward the Global Data Security Initiative and the Global Data Cross-Border Flow Cooperation Initiative.

Adhere to openness without building walls, interconnection without decoupling, equality without discrimination, create an open, inclusive, universal and non-discriminatory environment for the development of artificial intelligence, and issue the “Global AI Governance Initiative.” Put forward governance concepts such as people-oriented, intelligence for good, universal and inclusive, promote the unanimous adoption of the United Nations General Assembly resolution on strengthening international cooperation in artificial intelligence capacity building, and establish the Friends of International Cooperation in Artificial Intelligence Capacity Building. As a responsible major country, China has taken the initiative to optimize and adjust its drone export control policy and prohibit the export of all civilian drones for military purposes.

China is committed to the peaceful use of outer space, firmly opposes the weaponization of space and the arms race in outer space, and actively participates in the UN outer space security governance. The 77th and 78th UN General Assembly Disarmament and International Security Committee passed the resolutions jointly proposed by China, Russia and other countries, “No First Deployment of Weapons in Outer Space” and “Further Practical Measures to Prevent an Arms Race in Outer Space,” with a high vote.

On the basis of safeguarding its own legitimate rights and interests, we constructively participate in the formulation of the “Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea” and the “Regulations on the Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the International Seabed Area”; and carry out international cooperation in scientific expeditions, environmental protection and other areas in the Antarctic and Arctic.

VI. Advancing the Modernization of National Security System and Capabilities in the Process of Deepening Reform

Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is an important part of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. It is an inherent requirement for actively responding to risks and challenges, serving and safeguarding the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. It is also an objective need to actively adapt to changes in the world and improve global security governance.

Entering the new era, China has comprehensively deepened reform and started the process of modernizing the national security system and capabilities with great political courage. By establishing the Central National Security Commission, a centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative national security leadership system and working mechanism have been established; a series of national security laws and regulations led by the National Security Law have been promulgated, and a preliminary national security legal system has been formed; the “National Security Strategy Outline” and “National Security Strategy (2021-2025)” have been formulated, and a series of national security strategies and policies in key areas have been promulgated, and a preliminary national security strategy system and policy system have been formed; risk prevention and emergency response have been strengthened, and a risk monitoring and early warning system covering all fields and operating at multiple levels and a large security and emergency framework have taken shape; the layout of national security forces has been adjusted, security capacity building in key areas has been strengthened, national security education has been strengthened, and the four pillars of the modernization of the national security system and capabilities have been established, laying a good foundation for overcoming difficulties and continuous improvement in the next step.

In the new era and new journey, China has further comprehensively deepened reform, paid more attention to coordinating development and security, placed safeguarding national security in a more prominent position, and accelerated the modernization of the national security system and capabilities.

——Clear goals. Focus on building a safer China at a higher level, improve the national security system, strengthen the integrated national strategic system, enhance the ability to maintain national security, innovate the social governance system, mechanism and means, and effectively build a new security pattern. By 2035, comprehensively strengthen the national security system and capabilities, and build a solid security barrier for the basic realization of socialist modernization.

——Improve the layout. Make unified layout from four aspects: national security system, public security governance mechanism, social governance system, and foreign-related national security mechanism, connect national security and social stability, domestic and international, top and grassroots, traditional security and non-traditional security, and achieve full coverage of national security.

——Highlight the main line. With reform and innovation as the driving force, and systematization and mechanism as the main line, we will improve the system and mechanism for maintaining national security, pay more attention to coordination and efficiency, rule of law thinking, scientific and technological empowerment, and grassroots foundation, and achieve a benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

1. Improve a coordinated and efficient national security system

The national security system is a concentrated reflection of the national security system and its execution capabilities. We will strive to promote the organic connection, system integration, and efficient linkage of all aspects of the national security system to form a systematic synergy and combat effectiveness.

Improve the national security work system and mechanism. Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over national security work, improve the efficient and authoritative national security leadership system, improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the coordination and command system for important projects, and improve the national security crisis management mechanism, supervision and inspection, and accountability mechanism.

Improve the legal system for national security. Actively promote national security legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas, improve the foreign-related legal system and legal implementation system, improve the party’s internal regulations on national security, and clear the pain points and bottlenecks in legislation, law enforcement, justice, and popularization of law.

Improve the national security strategy and policy system. Dynamically improve and adjust the national security strategy to better play the role of strategic macro-leading and overall coordination. Continuously improve national security policies in key areas, strengthen consistency assessment with macro-policy orientations, and increase policy implementation efforts.

Improve the national security risk monitoring and early warning system. Increase basic investment in the construction, operation and maintenance of monitoring and early warning infrastructure, the construction of indicators and standards systems, risk investigation, investigation and statistics, strengthen talent team building and policy support guarantees, promote the effective connection of risk monitoring, assessment, early warning and disposal, and improve the scientific, standardized and refined level of monitoring and early warning.

Improve the national emergency management system. Improve the system for handling major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of major security and emergency response, strengthen the construction of national and regional emergency forces, and improve the comprehensive disaster prevention, mitigation and relief system.

2. Build practical and useful national security capabilities

National security capability is the ability of a country to reasonably allocate strategic resources to ensure a relatively continuous state of security. Focusing on achieving national security strategic goals, based on the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capabilities in key areas, we will solidly promote the modernization of national security capabilities.

Strengthen social governance. Adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, and enhance the ability to prevent and resolve social conflicts and disputes. Strengthen the overall prevention and control of social security. Improve the social work system and mechanism, improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism, and push the focus of social governance and services to the grassroots level.

Strengthen basic guarantees. Implement the energy supply diversification strategy and improve the overall coordination and connection system of strategic mineral resource exploration, production, supply, storage and marketing. Continue to improve the comprehensive grain production and supply guarantee capabilities. Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, and strengthen the training and selection of professional and compound talents for national security.

Build a strong military defense barrier. Deeply implement the system of responsibility of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the people’s army. Continue to deepen the reform of the joint combat system, coordinate the construction of military forces and military struggle preparations in traditional security areas and new security areas. Deepen cross-military and local reforms, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industry, build an advanced national defense science and technology industry system, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities.

Promote scientific and technological empowerment. In response to major needs in the field of national security, carry out key core technology research with a new national system. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen the transformation and application of new technologies in the field of national security, and promote the construction of new domains and new qualities of national security capabilities.

Strengthen international operations. Improve foreign-related national security mechanisms, promote overall stability and balanced development of relations between major countries, deepen friendship, mutual trust and integration of interests with neighboring countries, strengthen solidarity and cooperation among countries in the “Global South,” and guide the international community to jointly maintain international security.

Improve the quality and effectiveness of publicity and education. Strengthen national security publicity and education, and enhance the national security awareness of the whole people. Strengthen the construction of national security disciplines, improve the level of national security research, and strengthen the training of national security talents. Build a new era of national security discourse system and narrative system, and do a good job in the external publicity of the overall national security concept.

Conclusion

China’s national security in the new era has developed in the comprehensive deepening of reform, grown in the great struggle, and grown stronger in China-style modernization. It will fulfill its mission in the process of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

Along the way, China’s national security relied on the people to overcome difficulties and obstacles; on the new journey, we must still rely on the people to create history. With one heart and one mind, we can build a new indestructible Great Wall of national security, overcome all risks and challenges on the road ahead, and win opportunities for peaceful development.

China cherishes its hard-earned security and always takes it as its own responsibility to protect the security of its people and safeguard world peace. China insists on leading peaceful development and promoting world stability and prosperity. While pursuing its own security, China will work with other countries to jointly discuss, build and share international common security and strive for lasting peace and universal security in the world.

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FULL TEXT (ORIGINAL CHINESE):

新时代的中国国家安全

新时代的中国国家安全

（2025年5月）

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

目录

前言

一、中国为变乱交织的世界注入确定性和稳定性

（一）世界在新的动荡变革中站在历史的十字路口

（二）亚太在总体稳定中面临严峻挑战

（三）中国在化解风险中保持稳固坚韧

二、总体国家安全观为新时代国家安全指引方向

（一）把握总体为要

（二）践行人民安全宗旨

（三）坚持把政治安全摆在首位

（四）坚守维护国家利益准则

（五）防范化解国家安全风险

（六）推进国际共同安全

（七）加强党对国家安全工作的绝对领导

三、为中国式现代化行稳致远提供坚实支撑

（一）维护党的执政地位和社会主义制度

（二）提高人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感

（三）保障高质量发展

（四）维护国家领土完整和海洋权益

（五）确保新兴领域安全可靠

四、在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展

（一）推动发展和安全动态平衡、相得益彰

（二）推动开放和安全相互促进、协同提升

五、践行全球安全倡议，推进国际共同安全

（一）全球安全倡议贡献中国智慧

（二）推动倡议落实增进共同安全

六、在深化改革中推进国家安全体系和能力现代化

（一）健全联动高效的国家安全体系

（二）锻造实战实用的国家安全能力

结束语

附件：新时代国家安全领域重点法律列表

前言

国之大者，安全为要。

五千年来，为了和平与安宁，中华民族奋斗不息。

鸦片战争以来，为了拯救民族危亡，中国人民奋起抗争。

中国共产党一经成立，就肩负起实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命，团结带领中国人民，经过28年浴血奋战，建立了中华人民共和国，实现了民族独立、人民解放。

中华人民共和国成立以来，在中国共产党领导下，中国人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，成功开辟了中国特色国家安全道路。中国战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，捍卫了国家主权和人民民主政权；坚定不移推进国家完全统一，推动海峡两岸关系从隔绝走向交往，实现香港、澳门顺利回归；正确处理改革发展稳定关系，书写了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”；坚持走和平发展道路，为改革开放和现代化建设营造了良好安全环境。

进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央创造性提出总体国家安全观，成立中央国家安全委员会，全面深化国家安全体制机制改革，加快推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，国家安全得到全面加强。中国在原则问题上寸步不让，进行了具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，经受住了来自政治、经济、意识形态、自然界等方面的风险挑战考验。国家安全工作取得历史性成就，发生历史性变革，为全面建成小康社会、迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程提供了有力安全保障。

新时代的中国国家安全是总体的、系统的、相对的大安全，是以人民安全为宗旨、以政治安全为根本、以国家利益为准则的安全，是服务和促进高质量发展的安全，是根据经济社会发展动态调整的安全，是支撑进一步扩大高水平开放的安全，是在法治轨道上规范运行的安全。中国统筹自身安全和共同安全，反对安全泛化，不实施安全胁迫，不接受威胁施压，坚持独立自主、自信自立，把解决安全难题放在自身力量的基点上，坚持中国特色国家安全道路。

国家安全是中国式现代化行稳致远的重要基础。为全面阐释新时代中国国家安全工作的创新理念、生动实践和建设成果，分享经验做法，与其他国家一道推动世界和平和发展，推动构建人类命运共同体，中国政府特发布本白皮书。

一、中国为变乱交织的世界注入确定性和稳定性

当前，中国进入以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。面对外部环境变化带来的不利影响加深、内部风险挑战增多的复杂形势，中国统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局与世界百年未有之大变局，国家安全形势保持总体稳定、稳中有进，与亚太国家共同维护地区和平和发展，为动荡不安的世界注入可靠的稳定性。

（一）世界在新的动荡变革中站在历史的十字路口

20世纪，人类社会遭受了两次世界大战的浩劫，又陷入冷战泥潭近半个世纪，旷日持久的恐慌和不安笼罩全球，欲免后世再遭战祸是当时人们的共同期盼。

当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，多重矛盾风险盘根错节，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字加重。人类社会面临和平还是战争、繁荣还是衰退、团结还是对抗的关键抉择，又一次站在历史的十字路口。

地缘冲突加剧。霸权主义、强权政治和冷战思维回潮，恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重。个别大国罔顾国际责任，“毁约退群”，破坏全球稳定。局部冲突和动荡频发。国际军备竞赛持续升级。民粹主义和极端政治思潮泛起。一些国家政策调整产生严重负面外溢效应。

经济全球化遭遇逆流。单边主义、保护主义加剧，多边贸易体制受阻，“筑墙设垒”、“脱钩断链”等破坏全球产业链供应链安全。个别国家以非经济理由对他国加征关税，扰乱全球经济秩序。世界经济增长动能不足，国际经济循环遭遇阻碍，全球发展鸿沟拉大。

非传统安全挑战增多。极端气候灾害频发，生态、粮食、能源安全备受挑战。恐怖主义、分裂主义、宗教极端势力、重大跨国疫情等对安全构成严重威胁。太空、深海、极地、网络等领域安全问题不断涌现。

新一轮科技革命“双刃剑”效应突显。人工智能、量子技术、生物技术等前沿技术加速发展，在为人类认识和改造世界赋能的同时，也带来一系列难以预知的风险挑战，对各国国家安全和社会稳定产生深远影响，甚至将重塑全球安全格局。

同时，和平、发展、合作、共赢的历史潮流不可阻挡，人类发展进步的大方向、世界历史曲折前进的大逻辑没有变。国际力量对比深刻调整，“全球南方”声势卓然壮大，在促进世界和平、合作应对全球性挑战方面发挥更加重要作用，日益成为稳定、向善、进步的中坚力量。安宁和睦、繁荣发展仍是世界人民的共同心愿和追求，各国已乘坐在一条命运与共的大船上，没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛，人类只有和衷共济、和合共生这一条出路。

（二）亚太在总体稳定中面临严峻挑战

亚洲和太平洋地区在世界格局中具有重要战略地位，是全球经济繁荣的重要引擎。亚太地区已保持近半个世纪的总体和平，没有爆发大规模武装冲突。但随着世界经济和战略重心持续向亚太地区转移，亚太地区安全面临诸多严峻挑战。

亚太地区是全球格局中的稳定板块。促和平、求稳定、谋发展是亚太多数国家的战略取向和共同诉求，通过对话协商处理分歧和争端是地区国家的主要政策取向。多数国家坚持真正的多边主义和开放的区域主义，区域经济一体化进程增进地区国家间政治互信。地区安全机制建设不断推进，区域和次区域安全合作不断深化。

亚太地区成为大国博弈焦点。个别国家强化亚太军事同盟，拉拢地区盟伴，构建排他性“小集团”，执意推进包括中导系统在内的军事部署，严重加剧地区紧张局势。一些冷战遗留问题有重新升温的危险，尚待解决的领土和海洋权益争端在域外势力介入后处置难度和复杂程度提升。

面对变乱交织的世界、风起云涌的亚太，中国始终站在历史正确的一边，站在人类进步的一边，以中国的确定性稳住不确定的世界。中国始终做捍卫国家利益的坚定力量，任何极限施压、威胁讹诈，都无法撼动14亿多中国人民的众志成城。中国始终做维护世界和平稳定的正义力量，继续拓展平等、开放、合作的全球伙伴关系，积极践行中国特色热点问题解决之道，与“全球南方”谱写团结自强的新篇章，让和平发展成为世界各国的共同选择。中国始终做维护国际公平正义的进步力量，坚持真正的多边主义，以人类前途为怀、人民福祉为念，推动共商共建共享的全球治理，恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，为构建平等有序的世界多极化凝聚更广泛的共识。中国始终做促进全球共同发展的建设力量，扩大高水平对外开放，同各国分享中国式现代化的广阔机遇，维护多边贸易体制，营造开放、包容、非歧视的国际合作环境，推动普惠包容的经济全球化。

（三）中国在化解风险中保持稳固坚韧

进入新时代，中国综合国力、国际影响力、抵御风险能力显著增强，持续保持政治安定、民族团结、社会稳定、经济发展，是世界上最安全的国家之一。

同时，随着世界大发展大变革大调整，中国进一步全面深化改革，既面临新的发展机遇，也面临风险考验；既承受全球性、地区性的共同安全风险，也面临民族复兴关键阶段的特殊安全挑战。

外部安全压力加大。西方反华势力千方百计对中国围堵、打压、遏制，对中国实施西化、分化战略，进行渗透、破坏活动。域外势力加大插手中国周边事务力度，给中国边疆、边境、周边安全造成威胁。个别国家粗暴干涉中国内政，在台海、南海、东海滋扰搅事，在涉疆、涉藏、涉港等问题上频频滋事。一些外部势力处心积虑打“台湾牌”，“台独”势力顽固坚持分裂立场，冒险挑衅。境外“藏独”、“东突”等分裂势力活动频繁。

重点领域风险复杂多元。传统和非传统安全威胁交织融合。一些关键核心技术仍受制于人，经济回升向好基础尚不稳固，重大自然灾害、安全生产事故、公共卫生事件、恶性犯罪事件等影响社会安全稳定的情况仍时有发生，海外机构、项目、人员安全面临现实风险。

总的看，新时代中国国家安全的内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富，时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广，内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂。中国把国家安全摆在更加突出的位置来抓，坚决顶住和反击外部遏制打压，把安全发展贯穿国家发展各领域全过程，着力提高公共安全治理水平，有力维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，成功续写经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”新篇章。

面向未来，中国维护和塑造国家安全的能力前所未有，决心矢志不渝。有中国共产党的坚强领导，有中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，有持续快速发展积累的坚实基础，有14亿多中国人民的团结一心，中国全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的历史进程不可阻挡，必将为维护地区稳定繁荣、促进世界和平发展作出新的更大贡献。

二、总体国家安全观为新时代国家安全指引方向

中华民族在5000多年发展进程中创造了博大精深的灿烂文化，蕴含着丰富的国家安全战略思想，如注重忧患意识，“安而不忘危，存而不忘亡，治而不忘乱”；突出民本思想，“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”；主张讲信修睦，“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”；力求内外兼顾，“内事文而和，外事武而义”等等。这些传统中国国家安全观念，历久弥新，为安定国家、消除内外祸乱发挥了积极作用。

新中国成立以来，中国领导人高度重视国家安全。毛泽东提出划分三个世界的战略，邓小平作出和平与发展是当今时代主题的重大判断，江泽民提出建立互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，胡锦涛强调坚持走和平发展道路。这些国家安全战略思想，对维护国家安全、促进世界和平发挥了重要作用。

进入新时代，2014年4月15日，在中央国家安全委员会第一次全体会议上，习近平总书记创造性提出总体国家安全观。总体国家安全观全面汲取了中华优秀传统文化精髓，系统总结了中国共产党维护国家安全理论成果和实践经验，是新中国成立以来第一个被确立为国家安全工作指导思想的重大战略思想，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是当代中国对世界的重要思想理论贡献。

总体国家安全观根植于中国特色社会主义新时代，既要解决好世界各国面临的共性安全问题，又要处理好东方大国独有的安全难题。中国作为社会主义大国，必须确保中国共产党的领导和中国特色社会主义制度不变色；作为具有14亿多人口的超大规模国家，幅员辽阔、民族众多，必须维护国家统一、民族团结，坚决反对任何形式的分裂活动；作为毗邻国家众多、陆海边界漫长、周边安全形势复杂的国家之一，必须稳固周边战略依托；作为正处于民族复兴关键阶段的大国，愈进愈难、愈进愈险，必须推动高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动；作为坚持走和平发展道路的大国，必须促进自身安全和共同安全相协调。

总体国家安全观正是在对时代发展大势的深邃思考中创立，在对中国特色国家安全道路的不懈探索中发展的，蕴含着中国国家安全治理的价值理念、工作思路和机制路径。总体国家安全观强调，坚持以人民安全为宗旨、以政治安全为根本、以经济安全为基础、以军事科技文化社会安全为保障、以促进国际安全为依托，统筹发展和安全，统筹外部安全和内部安全、国土安全和国民安全、传统安全和非传统安全、自身安全和共同安全，统筹维护和塑造国家安全，以新安全格局保障新发展格局。

（一）把握总体为要

总体国家安全观的关键在于“总体”，“总体”是新时代中国国家安全的灵魂。它突出大安全理念，涵盖政治、军事、国土、经济、金融、文化、社会、科技、网络、粮食、生态、资源、核、海外利益、太空、深海、极地、生物、人工智能、数据等诸多领域，并随着社会发展不断动态调整。大安全，是新形势下对国家生存和可持续发展的维护，但不是安全泛化，更不是追求绝对安全。大安全是通过抓好一地一域一业的安全为国家总体安全创造条件，是通过及时有效解决一个个安全问题为国家长治久安筑牢根基。要坚持系统思维，加强科学统筹，通盘考虑各种安全要素，处理好发展和安全、外部和内部、活力和秩序、风险和机遇、维权和维稳等重大关系，增强国家安全工作系统性、整体性、协同性，打好国家安全总体战。

（二）践行人民安全宗旨

这是新时代中国国家安全的根本立场。中国共产党的性质宗旨和中国的国体政体决定了党、人民和国家是一个共同体。江山就是人民、人民就是江山。中国国家安全一切为了人民，一切依靠人民。中国共产党与中国人民休戚与共、生死相依，任何想把中国共产党同人民分割开来、对立起来的企图，都绝不会得逞。中国共产党始终把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，切实保护人民群众的财产安全和其他合法权益，着力解决人民群众反映强烈的安全问题，不断提高人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

（三）坚持把政治安全摆在首位

这是新时代中国国家安全的生命线。政治安全的核心是政权安全和制度安全，最根本的就是维护中国共产党的领导和执政地位、维护中国特色社会主义制度。如果政治安全得不到保障，中国必然会陷入四分五裂、一盘散沙的局面，中华民族伟大复兴就无从谈起，人民群众的根本利益和长远利益就无法得到保障。必须增强政治敏锐性和政治鉴别力，及时消除各种政治隐患，防止非政治性风险蔓延为政治风险。

（四）坚守维护国家利益准则

这是新时代中国国家安全的基本要求。每个国家都要维护自身的国家利益，同时都应该在更加广阔的层面考虑自身利益，不能以损害其他国家利益为代价，各国应该尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切。中国维护国家安全，主要是维护国家利益尤其是核心利益。中国核心利益主要包括：国家政权、主权、统一和领土完整、人民福祉、经济社会可持续发展。中国不觊觎他国权益，不嫉妒他国发展，但决不放弃自身的正当权益，决不拿自己的核心利益做交易。

（五）防范化解国家安全风险

这是新时代中国国家安全的中心任务。中国面临的风险是多方面的。各种风险都要防控，但重点是防控那些可能迟滞或中断中华民族伟大复兴进程的全局性风险。既要高度警惕“黑天鹅”事件，也要防范“灰犀牛”事件；既要有防范风险的先手，也要有应对和化解风险挑战的高招；既要打好防范和抵御风险的有准备之战，也要打好化险为夷、转危为机的战略主动战。发扬斗争精神，敢于斗争、善于斗争，在斗争中求团结、谋合作、促共赢。坚持底线思维，着力防范各类风险挑战内外联动、跨域传导、累积叠加，坚决守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

（六）推进国际共同安全

这是新时代中国国家安全的大国担当。实现中华民族伟大复兴，不仅需要安定团结的国内环境，而且需要和平稳定的国际环境。中国不认同“国强必霸”的陈旧逻辑，中华民族的血液中没有侵略他人、称王称霸的基因。各国应该在谋求自身安全时兼顾他国安全，努力走出一条互利共赢的安全之路。中国倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，提出并推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，积极参与全球安全治理，加强国际安全合作，与世界各国一起携手构建人类命运共同体。

（七）加强党对国家安全工作的绝对领导

这是新时代中国国家安全的根本保证。中国特色社会主义制度和基本国情，决定了应对前进道路上的各种风险挑战，必须坚持中国共产党的领导。党发挥总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，党的领导是全面的、系统的、整体的，贯穿到国家安全工作各方面全过程。中国共产党十八届三中全会决定成立中央国家安全委员会，目的就是更好适应国家安全的新形势新任务，建立集中统一、高效权威的国家安全体制，加强对国家安全工作的领导。

总体国家安全观引领中国国家安全工作不断开创新局面，在国际上树立起合作包容的国家安全理念，将为新时代新征程中国特色国家安全提供理论指引，为推动和完善全球安全治理贡献中国智慧，为维护世界和平稳定发挥重要作用。

三、为中国式现代化行稳致远提供坚实支撑

进入新时代，围绕实现国家战略目标，贯彻总体国家安全观，中国国家安全坚决履行党和人民赋予的重大责任，防范化解中国式现代化进程中的各种风险，为实现中华民族伟大复兴筑牢安全屏障，为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。

（一）维护党的执政地位和社会主义制度

中国国家安全关键在党。中国把维护政治安全放在首要位置，始终从维护政治安全的高度谋划和推进其他领域安全，提高防范政治风险能力，及时阻断不同领域风险的转化通道，避免交叉感染，防止非政治性风险蔓延为政治风险，确保党的长期执政和国家长治久安。

维护政权安全、制度安全和意识形态安全。全面深化党的建设制度改革，深入推进全面从严治党，不断把党的政治优势、组织优势、制度优势转化为党和国家的治理优势。毫不动摇坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度，完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度。坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态，牢牢守住思想舆论阵地，营造风清气正的网络环境。中外有关民调报告显示，中国受访者对政府的信任度、民主状况的满意度、廉洁政府认同度均超过九成，在受访国家中始终名列前茅。

防范抵御敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动。坚决防范境外反华势力通过宣扬西方民主自由人权和所谓“普世价值”，对中国实施西化、分化战略；严密防范、严厉打击敌对势力对我策动“颜色革命”、“街头政治”等各类渗透颠覆活动。常态化开展全民国家安全教育，筑牢人民防线。全面贯彻新时代党的治藏方略、治疆方略，依法打击分裂破坏活动，渗透得到有效遏制，社会治安状况明显好转。

保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”方针，落实中央全面管治权，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，落实特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，坚持中央全面管治权和保障特别行政区高度自治权相统一。制定实施香港特别行政区维护国家安全法，完善香港特区选举制度，依法惩治危害国家安全分子，推动香港从由乱到治走向由治及兴。

（二）提高人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感

国泰民安是人民群众最基本、最普遍的愿望。当前，中国社会主要矛盾发生深刻变化，人民群众的安全需求更趋强烈、更加多元。中国从满足人民群众在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面日益增长的需求出发，从最突出的问题着眼，着力抓好维护社会稳定、安全生产、食品药品安全、防范重特大自然灾害，确保人民安居乐业、社会安定有序。

建设平安中国。持续深化严打暴恐专项行动，对“东突”等“三股势力”保持依法严打高压态势，实现反恐斗争形势根本好转。依法打击各类黑恶势力违法犯罪，扫黑除恶常态化走深走实。社会治安持续稳定向好，依法严惩群众反映强烈的黄赌毒、食药环、盗抢骗和针对妇女儿童、留守老人的突出违法犯罪，依法严厉打击电信网络诈骗、跨境赌博、侵犯公民个人信息等新型犯罪和跨国跨境跨区域犯罪，保护人民人身权、财产权、人格权。建立健全维护社会稳定责任制，社会大局保持稳定。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，加强综治中心规范化建设，推进矛盾纠纷化解法治化。维护社会公平正义，培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态。中国是世界上命案发案率最低、刑事犯罪率最低、枪爆案件最少的国家之一。据中国公安部数据，2023年中国每十万人命案发生数为0.46起，2024年为0.44起。

提升应急管理能力水平。建立高效科学的自然灾害防治体系，加强区域应急力量建设，强化基层应急基础，提高防灾减灾救灾能力。2024年，全国自然灾害受灾人次、倒塌房屋数量，与前5年均值相比分别下降20.4%、50%。完善和落实安全生产责任制，加强重点行业、重点领域安全监管，完善安全生产风险排查整治和责任倒查机制。2024年，全国共发生各类生产安全事故2.18万起，较大事故389起，同比分别下降11%、10.8%，重特大事故9起，首次降到个位数。

维护人民生命安全和身体健康。健全公共卫生体系，强化基层医疗卫生服务，抓好重大新发突发传染病防控。严格开展食品生产经营监督检查，持续深化药品安全巩固提升行动，强化食品药品安全监管。健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口服务体系，完善生育支持政策体系和激励机制，推动建设生育友好型社会。2024年，中国人均预期寿命达79岁。

保护生态安全。中国坚持精准治污、科学治污、依法治污，以解决人民群众反映强烈的大气、水、土壤等突出问题为重点，持续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，扎实开展农村人居环境整治行动。2024年，全国PM2.5平均浓度为29.3微克/立方米，相比2015年下降36%，重污染天数下降68%，优良天数比例连续5年达到86%以上，人民群众对生态环境的满意度超过91%。提升生态系统质量和稳定性，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，全国森林覆盖率2024年超25%，本世纪以来全球新增绿化面积约1/4来自中国。

（三）保障高质量发展

中国的发展历程表明，不发展有不发展的问题，发展起来有发展起来的问题，发展起来后出现的问题并不比发展起来前少。针对发展中的突出矛盾和问题，中国牢固树立安全发展理念，加快完善安全发展体制机制，补齐相关短板，维护科技、金融、粮食、能源资源、产业链供应链、海外利益等领域安全，在推动发展中及时化解矛盾风险，把国家发展建立在更为安全、更为可靠的基础之上。

推动经济持续健康发展。坚持把保证基本经济制度安全放在首位。提高经济发展质量和效益，深化供给侧结构性改革，着力建设全国统一大市场，全方位扩大国内需求，实现经济在更高水平上的动态平衡。持续提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，加快建设现代化产业体系，构建自主可控、安全可靠的国内生产供应体系。

坚决守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线。积极发挥货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，管好货币总闸门，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。规范资本市场秩序，保持资本市场稳定。努力稳定楼市，着力构建房地产发展新模式。稳妥处置地方政府债务风险，精准化解地方中小金融机构风险。

扛稳粮食安全重任。落实国家粮食安全战略，牢牢守住18亿亩耕地红线，加快种源核心技术攻关，粮食产购储加销体系不断健全。粮食产量连续10年稳定在6.5亿吨以上，2024年突破7亿吨。

确保能源和重要资源安全。建立多元供应体系，抑制不合理能源消费，保持能源供需总体平衡，推动能源体制改革和技术创新，全方位加强国际合作，实现开放条件下能源安全。实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动，充实战略性矿产储备，加强可再生资源回收利用，保障重要资源充足、稳定、可持续供应。

加快实现高水平科技自立自强。发挥新型举国体制优势，在基础原材料、高端芯片、工业软件、农作物种子等关键核心技术上全力攻坚，在人工智能、量子信息等领域前瞻部署，加快攻克重要领域“卡脖子”技术并实现产业化，“祖冲之”系列超导量子计算原型机、“嫦娥六号”探测器、“梦想”号大洋钻探船等纷纷取得突破。加快布局国家战略科技力量，加强基础科学研究，推动国家实验室体系建设，统筹推进国际和区域科技创新中心建设，强化企业技术创新主体地位，提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。中国的全球创新指数排名从2012年的第34位跃升至2024年的第11位，进入创新型国家行列。构建科技安全风险监测预警和应对体系，完善新兴技术领域监管制度，塑造科技向善的文化理念，把科技伦理要求贯穿科技活动全过程。

加强海外利益保护。中国通过涉外法治、外交和领事保护、撤侨护航行动、国际合作等手段维护自身海外利益。坚持预防为先，强化海外利益和投资风险预警、防控、保护体制机制，建立全球领事保护与服务应急呼叫中心，开通“12308”24小时应急热线，发挥“走出去”公共服务等平台作用，维护海外中国公民、组织和机构的安全和合法权益。2024年，中国从国外高风险地区累计平安撤回1万多位同胞，处理领保求助案件5万多起。

（四）维护国家领土完整和海洋权益

中国尚未实现完全统一，维护领土主权、海洋权益和国家统一的任务艰巨繁重。中国绝不允许任何人、任何组织、任何政党、在任何时候、以任何形式、把任何一块中国领土从中国分裂出去。中国坚持陆海统筹，坚持维护国家主权、安全、发展利益相统一。

坚定不移推进国家完全统一。坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，贯彻新时代中国共产党解决台湾问题的总体方略和对台大政方针，推动两岸关系和平发展、融合发展，拉紧两岸情感纽带和利益联结，厚植国家和平统一的基础。团结广大台湾同胞，坚定支持岛内爱国统一力量，加强两岸对话沟通和民主协商，共商统一大计，共谋统一大业。坚决反对“台湾地位未定论”，联大第2758号决议的法律效力不容置疑，台湾是中国的一个省，没有任何根据、理由或权利参加联合国及其他只有主权国家才能参加的国际组织。坚决反对“台独”分裂和外部势力干涉，依法打击“台独”顽固分子，有力震慑“台独”分裂势力。中国始终以最大诚意、尽最大努力争取和平统一，但决不承诺放弃使用武力，保留采取一切必要措施的选项。

维护边境安全和海洋权益。先后同14个陆上邻国中的12个谈判协商解决陆地边界问题，与印度、不丹的边界谈判持续推进。完成中越北部湾海域划界，同周边9个国家签订边防合作协议，同12个国家建立边防会谈会晤机制，常态化开展友好互访、工作会谈和联合巡逻执勤、联合打击跨境犯罪演练等活动。在钓鱼岛海域常态化巡航执法。中国对南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，对南沙部分驻守岛礁进行建设和设施维护，改善岛上人员工作生活条件，提供导航、救援、天气及海洋环境预报等国际公共安全产品。

（五）确保新兴领域安全可靠

新兴领域发展源于科技的创新和应用，是国家安全的新疆域。新兴领域技术创新发展与安全治理不平衡，在安全、社会治理、道德伦理等方面带来许多新课题，是各国面临的长期重大挑战。中国高度重视新兴领域技术发展和风险防范，注重前瞻预防和约束引导，建立健全相关法律和规章制度，逐步实现敏捷治理、分类分级管理、快速有效响应。

筑牢网络、数据、人工智能安全屏障。持续强化网络安全统筹机制、手段、平台建设，确保关键信息基础设施安全可靠。出台实施数据安全法，建立数据分类分级保护、监测预警、应急处置、安全审查、出口管制、对等反制等六大数据安全管理制度机制。按照发展与安全并重、促进创新与依法治理相结合的原则，构建人工智能安全监管和评估体系，完善人、技、物、管配套的安全防护体系。

提高生物安全治理能力。加强生物安全风险防控和治理体系建设，建立健全突发事件应急预案，提高新型生物技术和新型药物疫苗研发等能力，提升生物资源安全监管水平，强化对生物安全风险的系统治理和全链条防控。

增强自身核安全能力。把保障核安全作为重要的国家责任，对核设施、核材料、核活动和放射性物质实施全链条监管，持续推进核安全监管体系和监管能力现代化，长期保持良好的核安全记录。

四、在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展

当今时代，发展利益和安全利益复杂交织，发展问题可能转化为安全风险，安全得不到保障也会严重制约发展。如何处理好发展和安全的关系，是世界各国面临的共同难题。

中国高度重视统筹发展和安全，树立发展是硬道理、安全也是硬道理的理念，努力实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。实践证明，发展是基础、安全是前提，发展和安全是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮。既要坚持通过发展提升国家安全实力，以高质量发展促进高水平安全；又要不断提高安全保障能力，明确安全边界、守好安全底线，以高水平安全保障高质量发展。中国始终坚持对外开放基本国策，强调越开放越要重视安全，着力推动提升对外开放水平与增强开放监管能力、风险防控能力相统一。

进入新时代，中国明确把统筹发展和安全作为治国理政的重大原则之一，纳入经济社会发展全局考虑，既一以贯之抓好高质量发展这个“第一要务”，又办好保证国家安全这个“头等大事”，把发展和安全统一起来，共同谋划、一体部署、相互促进。

（一）推动发展和安全动态平衡、相得益彰

——高质量发展是第一要务，不发展是最大的不安全。把高质量发展作为新时代的硬道理，在不断壮大物质技术基础上谋求安全。实践表明，发展和改革开放停滞不前，不仅难以实现安全，还会削弱安全的根基。中国坚持正确处理改革发展稳定的关系，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来，通过改革发展促进社会稳定。

——高水平安全是发展的前提，没有高水平安全就没有高质量发展。中国始终从国家发展的总体格局中把握国家安全的历史使命，通过明底线、防风险，营造有利于经济社会发展的良好环境，保障经济社会发展的成果。

营造良好外部安全环境。当今世界形势动荡不安，地缘政治挑战风高浪急，暗礁和潜流增多，对维护国家安全提出了更高要求。中国坚持走和平发展道路，在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展，又以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展。新中国成立以来，从来没有主动挑起过任何一场战争和冲突。中国向全世界庄严承诺，永不称霸，永不扩张，永不谋求势力范围，是唯一将和平发展写入宪法和执政党党章，上升为国家意志的大国。面对个别国家的无理打压，中国在原则问题上决不退让，在争议问题上保持对话，在互利共赢领域拓展合作，努力保持双边关系总体稳定。中国致力于将“一带一路”建成和平之路，不会重复地缘博弈的老套路。在和平和安全问题上，中国是世界上纪录最好的大国，中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化，炒作中国“国强必霸”、渲染“中国威胁论”，纯属无稽之谈。

坚决维护社会大局稳定。中国社会结构正在发生深刻变化，互联网深刻改变社会交往方式，社会观念、社会心理、社会行为发生深刻变化，对社会稳定带来很大挑战。中国致力于建设一个现代化的社会，既充满活力，又拥有良好秩序。更加注重深化体制机制改革，完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，实现政府治理同社会调节、居民自治良性互动。更加注重加强基层社会治理，将矛盾纠纷化解在基层，将和谐稳定创建在基层。更加注重维护社会公平正义，保障公民人身权、财产权、人格权和基本政治权利不受侵犯。更加注重依法维护社会稳定，坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设，落实维护社会稳定责任制，从制度机制上积极预防化解社会矛盾；依法保障在华外国人的安全和合法权益。中国依法开展反恐怖斗争、打击恶性犯罪等工作，满足了人民群众对社会安全稳定的殷切期待，是真正意义上的尊重和保障人权。

化解高质量发展中各种风险挑战。当前，中国正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的关键时期，结构性、体制性、周期性问题相互交织，高质量发展面临许多不确定性和风险挑战。中国坚持在发展中平稳化解风险，在化解风险中加速高质量发展。把握粮食安全主动权，保障能源和重要资源安全，确保产业链供应链安全，有效化解重点领域风险。加快构建房地产发展新模式，积极稳妥化解房地产领域风险。深入推进财税体制改革，完善政府债务管理制度，实施近年来力度最大化债支持政策，推动地方政府债务重组、展期、置换和地方融资平台改革转型。发行特别国债支持国有大型商业银行补充核心一级资本。统筹推进地方中小金融机构防风险、强监管、促高质量发展，严格准入标准和监管，推动兼并重组、实现减量提质。

推动新技术新业态新模式安全发展。科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素，是高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力，但很多技术都是“双刃剑”。新技术新业态新模式已经成为统筹发展和安全的前沿和关键领域。中国坚持促进创新和防范风险相统一，制度规范与自我约束相结合，积极而稳慎地推进新技术开发、应用和治理。中国注重完善科技安全法治体系，围绕人工智能、生物科技、自动驾驶等领域，加快推进相关立法工作。注重优化新兴技术监管服务，推动建立新技术新业态安全监管制度，保持产业发展和社会稳定的平衡。注重提升新兴技术包容性，处理好公平和效率、资本和劳动、技术和就业的关系，完善利益协调机制，维护各方合法权益，让更多人共享科技创新成果。

中国在历经磨难中成长，在攻坚克难中壮大。中国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，发展前景光明，有能力更好统筹发展和安全，坚决防范化解重点领域风险，有效应对外部冲击，稳定预期、激发活力，推动经济持续回升向好，保持社会和谐稳定。

（二）推动开放和安全相互促进、协同提升

——在统筹开放和安全中不断发展壮大。处理好自立自强和开放合作的关系，处理好积极参与国际分工和保障国家安全的关系，不断增强在对外开放环境中动态维护国家安全的本领。改革开放以来，中国不断织密开放安全网，成功应对了亚洲金融危机、国际金融危机等重大风险，在开放中实现了快速发展，逐步成为世界第二大经济体、世界货物贸易第一大国、150多个国家和地区主要贸易伙伴，对全球经济增长的贡献率连续多年保持在30%左右。

——中国开放的大门只会越开越大。经济全球化是社会生产力发展的客观要求和科技进步的必然结果，为世界经济增长提供了强劲动力，是不可逆转的历史大势。近年来，贸易保护主义抬头，个别国家企图推动制造业回流，与经济发展规律和经济全球化大势背道而驰。中国始终站在历史正确的一边，反对逆全球化、泛安全化，反对单边主义、保护主义，建设开放型世界经济，推动普惠包容的经济全球化。

坚定不移推进高水平对外开放。中国实行更加积极的自主开放和单边开放，稳步扩大制度型开放。自2024年12月1日起，对原产于同中国建交的最不发达国家100%税目产品适用税率为零的特惠税率。单方面对38国人员实行入境免签政策，对54国人员实行240小时过境免签政策。中国将主动对接、积极吸纳高标准国际经贸规则，有序扩大商品、服务、资本、劳务等市场对外开放，扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络。中国正在建设自由贸易试验区和海南自由贸易港，有序开展对外开放压力测试，探索制度型开放的有效路径。中国提出构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，绝不是走向封闭的国内单循环，而是开放的、相互促进的国内国际双循环。

——在扩大对外开放中提升安全水平。中国重视利用国际通行规则维护开放安全，借鉴国际经验做法，加快构建现代化风险防控体制机制，健全开放条件下防御外部风险的制度体系，促进开放和安全协同共进。

坚决维护开放发展权利。维护发展权利是中国国家安全的红线之一。任何损害中国发展权利的图谋，中国都将坚决进行强有力反击。中国坚决反对滥用出口管制，坚决反对单边制裁和“长臂管辖”。个别国家以安全为名，对华打关税战、贸易战、科技战、舆论战，严重威胁中国的安全发展。近期，美国以各种借口宣布对包括中国在内的所有贸易伙伴滥施关税，严重侵犯各国正当权益，严重违反世界贸易组织规则，严重损害以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，严重冲击全球经济秩序稳定，中国政府对此强烈谴责，坚决反对。中国采取必要的合理反制措施，完全是符合国际法和国际通行做法的正当防卫。中国维护开放发展权利的决心坚定不移，将不断健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制，丰富反制政策工具箱，坚定捍卫国家发展权利。

努力促进生产要素有序流动。经济全球化有赖于生产要素的全球安全有序流动。遵循国际惯例，中国完善出口管制体系，全面加强知识产权保护，构建合法、安全、有序的出入境管理秩序，优化便利外国人来华政策举措，推动资本、人才、技术等依法有序跨境流动，促进全球生产要素高效配置。数据已成为全球新的重要生产要素。中国借鉴既有国际实践，着眼于促进全球数据安全保护标准协调性和一致性，制定实施网络安全法、数据安全法、个人信息保护法等法律法规，提升网络安全防护能力和数据安全监管能力。中国本身是国际网络攻击的受害者，一贯反对并打击任何形式的网络攻击。所谓中国实施网络攻击，既没有证据，也没有道理。中国坚持推动发展和依法管理相统一，在确保国家数据安全前提下，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动。中国数据安全审查针对的是影响或者可能影响国家安全的活动，不影响企业和个人数据正常跨境流动。

依法坚定捍卫自身正当安全利益。中国注重运用法治思维和法治方式，在开放环境下维护国家主权、安全和发展利益。加强涉外法治建设，及时出台反外国制裁法、对外关系法、出口管制法等法律法规，不断加强执法司法国际合作，稳步提高涉外法律服务水平，依法保障海外人员、机构和资产等安全。出台外商投资法，建立外商投资安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的外商投资进行安全审查。修订完善反间谍法，用法律手段防范间谍行为，明确细化非法行为和合法行为的界限。这些措施只是针对危害中国正当国家利益的行为，旨在为更高水平对外开放提供安全保障，不影响正常商业往来、科研合作、学术交流和民间交往等活动。

开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识。过去40多年，中国经济发展和社会稳定是在开放条件下取得的，未来中国实现高质量发展和高水平安全也必须在开放的条件下进行。无论国际风云如何变幻，中国都将在确保安全基础上扩大自主开放、主动开放，让对外开放大门越开越大。

五、践行全球安全倡议，推进国际共同安全

人类是一个整体，地球是一个家园，全球性挑战需要全球性应对。势力范围、霸权稳定、同盟体系等旧思维应对不了新安全挑战，实现国际共同安全需要新理念、新办法。

（一）全球安全倡议贡献中国智慧

中国提出全球安全倡议，回应了国际社会维护世界和平、防止冲突战争的迫切需要，呼应了绝大多数国家要求合作共赢、反对霸权霸道霸凌的普遍愿望，顺应了各国人民建设持久和平、普遍安全世界的共同追求，为消弭国际冲突根源、应对全球安全挑战、完善全球安全治理提供了新方案。截至2024年底，得到119个国家和国际组织的支持赞赏，写入123份双多边政治文件。

全球安全倡议既是人类命运共同体的“安全篇”，也是总体国家安全观的“世界篇”；既是中国对全球安全治理给出的中国答案，也是对自身安全与国际共同安全的辩证认识。它植根于中国独立自主的和平外交政策与实践，来源于讲信修睦、和合共生的中华文化与智慧。

全球安全倡议的核心理念与原则，是坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观；坚持尊重各国主权、领土完整；坚持遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则；坚持重视各国合理安全关切；坚持通过对话协商以和平方式解决国家间的分歧和争端；坚持统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全。共同，就是要尊重和保障每一个国家的安全；综合，要统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全，协调推进安全治理；合作，要通过对话合作促进各国和本地区安全；可持续，要发展和安全并重以实现持久安全。

面对气候变化、网络安全等全球性挑战，没有哪个国家能独善其身，也不应让任何国家成为孤岛。中国主张共同安全，各国安全利益平等，任何国家的正当合理安全关切都应得到重视和妥善解决。任何国家都不能把自身安全凌驾于他国安全之上，更不能以损害他国安全为代价。构建均衡、有效、可持续的安全架构，是实现共同安全的有效途径。

奉行实力至上，追求绝对安全，只会走入安全困境。以意识形态划线，搞针对特定国家的阵营化和排他性“小圈子”，只会制造分裂和对抗。制裁、干涉只会越管越乱，冲突战争没有赢家，本国优先、赢者通吃只会导致全输。中国主张合作安全，坚持对话、合作、共赢，以和平方式解决分歧与争端。

中国主张加强全球安全治理，践行共商共建共享的全球治理观，坚持真正的多边主义，主张厉行国际法治，推动全球安全治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向变革，更加平衡地反映大多数国家的意愿和利益，更好满足应对全球性挑战的现实需要。

（二）推动倡议落实增进共同安全

——支持联合国成为各国共同维护普遍安全的核心平台

世界各国应该维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，以国际法为基础的国际秩序，以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。中国始终把捍卫联合国权威、维护二战后国际秩序视为自己的职责。中国积极支持联合国依据授权开展斡旋，支持安理会在和平与安全问题上发挥首要作用，努力维护安理会权威和团结，建设性参与国际安全事务讨论。安理会改革应坚持民主协商，提高发展中国家特别是非洲国家的代表性和发言权，切实纠正历史不公。

坚定支持联合国提高维和行动履行授权能力。中国是联合国第二大会费国、第二大维和摊款国，也是安理会常任理事国第一大维和行动出兵出警国。支持联合国在国际反恐斗争中发挥中心协调作用，在全球数字治理和规则制定方面发挥主导作用，支持世卫组织在全球卫生事务中发挥领导协调作用，支持联合国教科文组织推动全球教育、科技、文化发展，促进文明交流互鉴、包容合作。

——推进构建普遍安全的世界

中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系不断深化，树立了大国邻国之间友好交往的典范。中俄关系具有强大内生动力和独特战略价值，建立在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方基础上，不受任何第三方影响，不受外部因素干扰和胁迫。

中国始终按照相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则处理中美关系，致力于中美关系稳定、健康、可持续发展，赓续中美人民传统友谊。中美两个大国交往，任何一方不能从所谓“实力地位”出发压制对方，不能为保持本国领先地位剥夺对方正当发展权利。台湾问题、民主人权、道路制度、发展权利的4条红线不容挑战。一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报是双边关系的政治基础，必须恪守。“修昔底德陷阱”不是历史的宿命，“新冷战”打不得也打不赢，对华遏制不明智、不可取，更不会得逞。中国愿与美国共同探寻两个大国在这个星球上的正确相处之道，造福两国、惠及世界。

中国始终视欧洲为合作伙伴，认为欧洲是多极世界中的重要一极，支持欧洲加强战略自主。中国致力于同欧洲发展全面战略伙伴关系，愿与欧洲共同维护自由贸易，共同捍卫多边主义，携手积极应对气候变化等全球性挑战。

坚持同周边国家发展睦邻友好关系。截至2025年3月，中国同巴基斯坦、印度尼西亚等周边17国达成构建命运共同体的共识，支持和完善以东盟为中心的地区安全合作，反对借“印太战略”分裂地区，反对拼凑“亚太版北约”，反对北约越界扩权，反对一些国家在亚太地区搞核共享、延伸威慑和部署陆基中导。致力于同东盟国家共同维护南海和平稳定，积极推进“南海行为准则”磋商进程，坚持通过对话协商解决争议，坚持通过互利合作实现共赢，把南海建设成和平之海、友谊之海和合作之海。中国倡导域外国家尊重地区国家的努力，反对个别国家为一己私利挑动是非。

作为发展中国家、“全球南方”的一员，中国致力于共促“全球南方”事业，支持“全球南方”国家加强全球安全治理，探索标本兼治的热点问题解决之道，共同做维护和平的稳定力量、开放发展的中坚力量、全球治理的建设力量、文明互鉴的促进力量。

始终做中东和平的建设者。支持中东国家团结协作解决地区安全问题，提出实现中东安全稳定五点倡议，提出构建中东安全新架构四点建议，促成沙特伊朗和解，致力于推动巴勒斯坦问题早日得到全面、公正、持久解决。

支持非洲国家增强自主维护和平的能力，支持拉美和加勒比国家反对外部干涉、维护自身和平稳定，协助太平洋岛国应对海洋灾害、海平面上升等全球性挑战。

——建设性参与国际和地区热点问题政治解决

在乌克兰问题上，恪守客观公正，积极劝和促谈，提出“四个应该”、“四个共同”、“三点思考”，发布《关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场》，同巴西联合发布“六点共识”，会同“全球南方”国家发起“和平之友”小组，坚决维护“核战争打不赢也打不得”共识，积极推动落实《五个核武器国家领导人关于防止核战争与避免军备竞赛的联合声明》，为防止乌克兰危机升级为核冲突发挥重要作用。中方支持一切致力于和平的努力，同时认为所有当事方和利益攸关方都应适时参与到和谈进程中。

为新一轮巴以冲突停火止战疾呼，为保护平民奔走，为人道救援贡献力量，推动安理会通过首份加沙停火决议，促成巴勒斯坦各派别举行和解对话并签署《关于结束分裂加强巴勒斯坦民族团结的北京宣言》，向加沙提供多批人道主义援助，致力于推动巴勒斯坦问题回到“两国方案”的正确轨道。

持之以恒致力于朝鲜半岛问题的政治解决，并行推进半岛和平机制建设和半岛无核化进程，均衡解决各方合理关切。积极斡旋缅北和平，支持缅甸政治和解和转型进程。支持阿富汗和平重建，积极开展国际协调，提供人道主义援助。

——积极参与全球安全治理

中国是联合国安理会五个常任理事国中唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的国家，承诺无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器，始终把核力量维持在国家安全需要的最低水平。中国积极参与国际军控、裁军和防扩散进程，推动伊核全面协议恢复履约谈判。

始终以积极姿态参与全球气候谈判议程和国际规则制定，坚持不懈为发展中国家改善环境治理提供力所能及的资金、技术支持。

支持坚决打击一切形式的恐怖主义，积极倡导区域反恐合作。坚定支持打击跨国犯罪，发起大湄公河次区域禁毒合作机制，与澳大利亚、柬埔寨、越南等国开展缉毒执法合作，开展中泰缅老四国警方合作打击赌诈集团专项联合行动。中国是全球第一个正式整类列管芬太尼类物质的国家。

对全球公共卫生安全尽责。截至2024年底，中国累计向77个国家和地区派遣医疗队员3万余人次，造福患者3亿人次。面对新冠疫情，中国毫无保留地分享抗疫经验，全力帮助国际社会抗疫。

积极推动完善全球粮食和能源安全治理体系，在二十国集团框架下提出国际粮食安全合作倡议，推动通过《金砖国家粮食安全合作战略》和《上海合作组织成员国元首理事会关于维护国际能源安全的声明》。

——推动新兴领域安全合作

倡导构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间，积极拓展与金砖国家、上合组织、中亚五国、非洲国家的网络安全合作。

主张达成反映各方意愿、尊重各方利益的全球数字治理规则，积极参与联合国《全球数字契约》，提出《全球数据安全倡议》和《全球数据跨境流动合作倡议》。

坚持开放而不筑墙、互通而不脱钩、平等而不歧视，打造开放、包容、普惠、非歧视的人工智能发展环境，发布《全球人工智能治理倡议》。提出以人为本、智能向善、普惠包容等治理理念，推动联合国大会协商一致通过加强人工智能能力建设国际合作决议，成立人工智能能力建设国际合作之友小组。作为负责任的大国，中国主动优化调整无人机出口管制政策，并禁止所有民用无人机出口用于军事目的。

致力于和平利用外空，坚决反对太空武器化和外空军备竞赛，积极参与联合国外空安全治理。第77届、78届联合国大会裁军与国际安全委员会高票通过中国、俄罗斯等国共提的“不首先在外空部署武器”和“防止外空军备竞赛的进一步切实措施”决议。

在保障自身合法权益的基础上，建设性参与《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》和《国际海底区域内矿产资源开发规章》制订；开展南、北极科学考察、环境保护等国际合作。

六、在深化改革中推进国家安全体系和能力现代化

推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容，是积极应对风险挑战，服务保障强国建设、民族复兴伟业的内在要求，也是主动适应世界之变、完善全球安全治理的客观需要。

进入新时代，中国全面深化改革，以巨大的政治勇气开启国家安全体系和能力现代化建设进程，通过设立中央国家安全委员会，建立集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制和工作机制；出台以国家安全法为统领的一系列国家安全法律法规，初步形成国家安全法律体系；制定《国家安全战略纲要》、《国家安全战略（2021－2025年）》，出台一系列重点领域国家安全战略和政策，初步形成国家安全战略体系和政策体系；加强风险防范、应急处置，全领域覆盖、多层级运转的风险监测预警体系和大安全大应急框架初具雏形；调整国家安全力量布局，加强重点领域安全能力建设，加强国家安全教育，建立起国家安全体系和能力现代化的四梁八柱，为下一步攻坚克难、不断完善奠定了良好基础。

新时代新征程，中国进一步全面深化改革，更加注重统筹发展和安全，把维护国家安全摆在更加突出的位置，加快推进国家安全体系和能力现代化。

——明确目标。聚焦建设更高水平平安中国，健全国家安全体系，强化一体化国家战略体系，增强维护国家安全能力，创新社会治理体制机制和手段，有效构建新安全格局。到2035年，全面加强国家安全体系和能力，为基本实现社会主义现代化筑牢安全屏障。

——完善布局。从国家安全体系、公共安全治理机制、社会治理体系、涉外国家安全机制等四个方面进行统一布局，贯通国家安全和社会稳定、国内和国际、顶层和基层、传统安全和非传统安全，实现国家安全全覆盖。

——突出主线。以改革创新为动力，以体系化和机制化为主线，完善维护国家安全体制机制，更加注重协同高效、法治思维、科技赋能、基层基础，实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。

（一）健全联动高效的国家安全体系

国家安全体系是国家安全制度及其执行能力的集中体现。着力推动国家安全体系各方面建设有机衔接、系统集成、联动高效，形成体系性合力和战斗力。

完善国家安全工作体制机制。坚持党中央对国家安全工作的集中统一领导，完善高效权威的国家安全领导体制，完善重点领域安全保障体系和重要专项协调指挥体系，健全国家安全危机管控机制、督促检查和责任追究机制等。

完善国家安全法治体系。积极推进重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域国家安全立法，完善涉外法律法规体系和法治实施体系，健全国家安全党内法规体系，打通立法、执法、司法、普法的痛点堵点。

完善国家安全战略体系和政策体系。动态完善调整国家安全战略，更好发挥战略宏观引领和统筹协调作用。不断完善重点领域国家安全政策，加强与宏观政策取向的一致性评估，加大政策贯彻执行力度。

完善国家安全风险监测预警体系。加大监测预警基础设施建设运行维护、指标和标准体系建设、风险排查调查统计等基础性投入，加强人才队伍建设和政策支撑保障，推动风险监测、研判、预警、处置各环节有效衔接，提升监测预警科学化、规范化、精细化水平。

完善国家应急管理体系。健全重大突发公共事件处置保障体系，完善大安全大应急框架下应急指挥机制，加强国家区域应急力量建设，完善综合性防灾减灾救灾体系。

（二）锻造实战实用的国家安全能力

国家安全能力是国家合理配置战略资源，以保障相对处于持续安全状态的能力。围绕实现国家安全战略目标，立足国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设，扎实推进国家安全能力现代化。

加强社会治理。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，提升社会矛盾纠纷预防化解能力。强化社会治安整体防控。健全社会工作体制机制，完善社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制，推动社会治理和服务重心向基层下移。

夯实基础保障。贯彻落实能源供给多元化战略，完善战略性矿产资源探产供储销统筹和衔接体系。持续提升粮食综合生产和供给保障能力。深化人才发展体制机制改革，强化国家安全专业型、复合型人才培养选拔。

筑牢军事国防屏障。深入贯彻军委主席负责制，完善人民军队领导管理体制机制。持续深化联合作战体系改革，统筹推进传统安全领域和新型安全领域军事力量建设和军事斗争准备。深化跨军地改革，优化国防科技工业布局，建设先进国防科技工业体系，巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。

推进科技赋能。针对国家安全领域的重大需求，以新型举国体制开展关键核心技术攻关。加大国家战略科技力量建设，加强新技术在国家安全领域的成果转化和应用，推进国家安全新域新质能力建设。

强化国际运筹。完善涉外国家安全机制，促进大国关系总体稳定、均衡发展，深化同周边国家友好互信和利益融合，加强“全球南方”国家之间团结协作，引导国际社会共同维护国际安全。

提升宣教质效。加强国家安全宣传教育，增强全民国家安全意识。加强国家安全学学科建设，提升国家安全研究水平，加强国家安全人才培养。构建新时代国家安全话语体系和叙事体系，做精做深总体国家安全观对外宣介。

结束语

新时代中国国家安全在全面深化改革中发展，在伟大斗争中成长，在中国式现代化建设中壮大，将在强国建设、民族复兴进程中践行使命。

一路走来，中国国家安全依靠人民战胜艰难险阻；新征程上，仍然要依靠人民创造历史。万众一心，就能筑起国家安全坚不可摧新的长城，战胜前进道路上的一切风险挑战，赢得和平发展机遇。

中国珍视来之不易的安全，始终以守护人民安全、维护世界和平为己任。中国坚持引领和平发展，坚持促进世界稳定和繁荣，在追求自身安全的同时，将与各国携手共商共建共享国际共同安全，为世界持久和平、普遍安全而努力奋斗。