Andrew S. Erickson

Click here to read the report.

“China Focus: China’s Lunar Probe Soft-Lands on Moon,” Xinhua, 14 December 2013.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) — China’s lunar probe Chang’e-3, with the country’s first moon rover onboard, successfully landed on the moon on Saturday night, marking the first time that China has sent a spacecraft to soft land on the surface of an extraterrestrial body.

The lunar probe began to carry out soft-landing on the moon at 9 p.m. Saturday and touched down in Sinus Iridum, or the Bay of Rainbows, 11 minutes later, according to Beijing Aerospace Control Center.

During the process, the probe decelerated from 15 km above the moon, stayed hovering at 100 meters from the lunar surface to use sensors to assess the landing area to avoid obstacles and locate the final landing spot, and descended slowly onto the surface.

The success made China the third country, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to soft-land on the moon.

Compared to those other two countries, which have successfully conducted 13 soft-landings on the moon, China’s soft-landing mission designed the suspension and obstacle-avoiding phases to survey the landing area much more precisely through fitted detectors, scientists said.

The probe’s soft-landing is the most difficult task during the mission, said Wu Weiren, the lunar program’s chief designer.

Chang’e-3 relied on auto-control for descent, range and velocity measurements, finding the proper landing point, and free-falling.

The probe is equipped with shock absorbers in its four “legs” to cushion the impact of the landing, making Chang’e-3 the first Chinese spacecraft with “legs.”

Chang’e-3 adopted a variable thrust engine completely designed and made by Chinese scientists. It can realize continuous variation of thrust power ranging from 1,500 to 7,500 newtons, according to Wu Weiren.

The soft-landing was carried out 12 days after the probe blasted off on an enhanced Long March-3B carrier rocket.

Chang’e-3 includes a lander and a moon rover called “Yutu” (Jade Rabbit).

Yutu’s tasks include surveying the moon’s geological structure and surface substances and looking for natural resources. The lander will operate there for one year while the rover will be there for three months.

Chang’e-3 is part of the second phase of China’s lunar program, which includes orbiting, landing and returning to the Earth. It follows the success of the Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 missions in 2007 and 2010.

The successful landing shows China has the ability of in-situ exploration on an extraterrestrial body, said Sun Huixian, deputy engineer-in-chief in charge of the second phase of China’s lunar program.

A renewed moon fever has sprung up in recent years following the lunar probe climax in the 1960s and 1970s.

Chang’e-3 is the world’s first soft-landing of a probe on the moon in nearly four decades. The last such soft-landing was carried out by the Soviet Union in 1976.

“Compared to the last century’s space race between the United States and the former Soviet Union, mankind’s current return to the moon is more based on curiosity and exploration of the unknown universe,” Sun said.

“China’s lunar program is an important component of mankind’s activities to explore peaceful use of space,” according to the engineer-in-chief.

For an ancient civilization like China, landing on the moon embodies another meaning. The moon, a main source for inspiration, is one of the most important themes in Chinese literature and ancient Chinese myths, including that about Chang’e, a lady who took her pet “Yutu” to fly toward the moon, where she became a goddess.

“Though people have discovered that the moon is bleached and desolate, it doesn’t change its splendid role in Chinese traditional culture,” said Zhang Yiwu, a professor with Peking University.

“Apart from scientific exploration, the lunar probe is a response to China’s traditional culture and imagination. China’s lunar program will proceed with the beautiful legends,” Zhang said.

“I am so excited about the news. It carries my space dream,” a netizen “Roger-Kris” posted on the Sina Weibo. “I am now so interested in space and I want to study science when I go to college.”

“I am looking forward to seeing more pictures sent back by Chang’e-3,” he said.

Related:

Backgrounder: China’s “triple jump” progress in lunar probes

Backgrounder: Timeline of China’s lunar program

Special Report: China’s lunar explorations

Graphics: Launch procedure of Chang’e-3 lunar probe

Lunar mission: craft to conduct re-entry tests before 2015

BEIJING, March 14 (Xinhuanet) — An experimental spacecraft will be launched before 2015 to conduct crucial re-entry tests on the capsule to be used in the Chang’e-5 lunar-sample mission, a leading space program official said.

Chang’e-5 is expected to be China’s first lunar explorer to return to Earth. The mission will be carried out before 2020. Full story

Chinese probe reaches record height in space travel

BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhua) — China’s space probe Chang’e-2 has flew to an outer space about 50 million km from the Earth, marking a new height in the nation’s deep space exploration, Chinese scientists said on Sunday.

The probe, which is now “in good conditions”, reached the height at around 1 a.m. Sunday Beijing Time, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) said in a statement. Full story

Lunar probe, space exploration is China’s duty to mankind

BEIJING, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) — A chief designer with China’s second lunar probe project has said that the country’s lunar pursuit, while lagging behind Russia and the United States for more than 40 years, is still important because space exploration is part of the country’s responsibility towards mankind.

“The most fundamental task for human beings’ space exploration is to research on human origins and find a way for mankind to live and develop sustainably,” said Qian Weiping, chief designer of the Chang’e-2 mission’s tracking and control system. Full story

China calls for int’l cooperation in manned space program

BEIJING, June 26 (Xinhua) — A Chinese astronaut research and training official Wednesday called for international cooperation to promote the development of manned space technologies.

China has long been pushing for international cooperation in manned space program under the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, as well as of transparency and opening, said Deng Yibing, director of China Astronaut Research and Training Center. Full story